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Perception Theory
Acoustics 3
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is the motor theory of speech perception? | Theory that speech perception is based on invariant articulatory gestures. Motor commands of speech production=units of perception. Listener accesses his knowledge of speech production in perception. Objects of perception= articulatory events. |
| What are three key features of the motor theory of speech perception? | 1) We have a biological specialization of speech perception 2) analysis-by-synthesis 3) Lack of invariant acoustic features due to coarticulation |
| What are the criticisms of motor theory of speech perception? | There's little empirical evidence supporting it, specific mechanisms of analysis-by-synthesis haven't been clearly described, and the iterative calculations of analysis-by-synthesis are inherently inefficient and slow. |
| What is the Direct Realist Theory of speech perception? | Derives from visual perception theory. Argues that percept= what the listener "hears" (the "object"); not the actual acoustic event. Perception consists of a single step from acoustic signal to percept. |
| Explain DRT more. | DRT claims that objects of speech perception are articulatory, not acoustic events. Unlike MT, DRT asserts that the articulatory objects of perception are actual phonetically structured vocal tract mvmts/gestures; not motor commands. |
| How is DRT different than MT? | MT: articulatory events are neuromotor commands to articulators; intended gestures. DRT: events= "peripheral" mvmt/gesture. |
| Why does DRT disagree with the idea that there's a specialized speech perception mechanism? | Direct perception theory argues that speech perception= visual perception of surface layout. |
| What are the strengths of Direct Realism Theory? | Places speech perception within the larger theories of general sensory perceptions, and has a model of faster perceptual processing than MT. |
| What are the criticisms of DRT? | Lack of empirical support, underestimates complexity of speech perception process. |
| How did General Auditory Theories come about? | From studies that showed that perception of speech paralells nonspeech perception. Explained by notion that general auditory mechanisms were responsible for observed similarities in perceptual performance. |
| What did nonhuman animals do to help support General Auditory Theory? (and disprove Motor Theory)? | Nonhuman aninamls exhibited aspects of speech perception that were assumed by motor theorists to be unique to humans. |
| What are General Auditory Approaches and how do they disagree with MT and DRT? | They don't invoke special modules to explain perception; assume that speech is perceived using mechanism of audition and perceptual learning in all animals to handle environmental sounds. |
| General Auditory Approaches, cont': | GA: Listeners recovery of spoken messages from acoustic signal (in any "unit_) is neither equivalent to nor mediated by perception of vocal tract gestures. |
Created by:
marbliss