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Sociology (Ch. 4)
Socialization
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| The lifelong process through which people learn the attitudes, values, and behaviors appropriate for members of a particular culture | socialization |
| A distict identity that sets us apart from others | self |
| A concept that emphasizes the self as the product of our social interactions | looking-glass self |
| The acting self that exists in relation to the Me | I |
| The socialized self that plans actions and judges performances based on the standards we have learned from others | Me |
| An individual who is most important in the development of the self, such as a parent, friend, or teacher | significant other |
| A gesture, object, or word that forms the basis of human communication | symbol |
| The process of mentally assuming the perspective of another and responding from that imagined viewpoint | role taking |
| The attitudes, viewpoints, and expectations of society as a whole that a child take into account in his or her behavior | generalized other |
| A view of social interaction in which people are seen as theatrical performers | dramaturgical approach |
| The altering of the presentation of the self in order to create distinctive appearances and satisfy particular audiences | impression management |
| The efforts people make to maintain a proper image and avoid public embarrassment | face-work |
| The theory that children's thought progresses through four stages of development | cognitive theory of development |
| Expectations regarding the proper behavior, attitudes, and activities of males and females | gender role |
| A ritual marking the symbolic transition from one social position to another | rite of passage |
| A research orientation in which sociologists and other social scientists look closely at the social factors that influence people throughout their lives, from birth to death | life course approach |
| Processes of socialization in which a person "rehearses" for future positions, occupations, and social relationships | anticipatory socialization |
| The process of discarding former behavior patterns and accepting new ones as part of a transition in one's life | resocialization |
| An institution that regulates all aspects of a person's life under a single authority, such as a prison, the military, a mental hospital, or a convent | total institution |
| An aspect of the socialization process within some total institutions, in which people are subjected to humiliating rituals | degradation ceremony |
| A stressful period of self-evaluation that begins at about age 40 | midlife crisis |
| The generation of adults who simultaneously try to meet the competing needs of their parents and their children | sandwich generation |
| What social scientist used the phrase looking-glass self to emphasize that the self is the product of our social interactions with other people? | Charles Horton Cooley |
| In what he called the play stage of socialization, George Herbert Meand asserted that people mentally assume the perspectives of others, thereby enabling them to respond from that imagined viewpoint. This process is referred to as: | role taking |
| George Herbert Mead is best known for his theory of what? | the self |
| Suppose a clerk tries to appear busier than he or she is when a supervisor happens to be watching. Erving Goffman would say this is a form of what> | impression management |
| According to child psychologist Jean Piaget's cognitive theory of development, children begin to use words and symbols to distinguish objects and ideas during which stage in the development of the thought process? | the preoperational stage |
| Which social institution is considered to be the most important agent of socialization in the U.S., especially for children? | the family |
| What is true about peer groups? | 1) Peers can be the source of harassment as wells as support, 2) Peer groups increasingly assume the role of Mead's generalized other, 3) Boys and girls are socialized differently |
Created by:
dmorri06