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Y9SciPhyTopic4
Year 9 Science Physics Topic 4 Waves and the Earth
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Frequency | The number of waves passing a point each second. |
| Hertz (Hz) | The unit for frequency 1 hertz is 1 wave per second. |
| Longitudinal | E.g. sound waves where the direction of energy transfer is parallel with the direction of movement of the energy. |
| Medium | Something through which waves travel. |
| Pitch | Whether a sound is low or high. |
| Infrasound | Sound waves with a frequency below 20Hz which is too low for the human ear to detect. |
| Ultrasound | Sound waves with a frequency above 20000Hz which is too high for the human ear to detect. |
| Reflect | When a wave bounces off a boundary between two materials. |
| Sonar | A way of finding the distance to an underwater object (such as the sea floor) by timing how long it takes for a pulse of ultrasound to be reflected. |
| Ultrasounds scan | A way of making an image of part of the body (usually a foetus) using ultrasound waves reflected from parts of the inside of the body. |
| Earthquake | A sudden movement within the Earth releasing a large amount of stored energy. |
| Seismic waves | Waves produced by an explosion or earthquake and which travels through the Earth. They include P-waves and S-waves. |
| Seismometer | An instrument that detects seismic waves. |
| Focus | The place where an earthquake begins usually under the surface. |
| Epicenter | The point on the surface of the Earth directly above the focus of an earthquake. |
| P waves | Longitudinal seismic waves that travel through the Earth. |
| S waves | Transverse seismic waves that travel through the Earth. |
| Crust | The outer surface of the Earth. |
| Mantle | The part of the Earth between the crust and the core. |
| Core | The middle of the Earth. |
| Refraction | The chang of speed and direction of a wave when it enters a new material. |
| Plates | Sections of the outermost layer of the Earth that can move relative to each other. |
| Tectonic plates | Pieces of the surface of the Earth which can move around very slowly. |
| Convection currents | A current caused by parts of a fluid being at a different temperature and so a different density to the rest of the fluid. |
| Tsunami | A huge wave caused by an earthquake or landslide on the sea bed. |
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