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Anatomy Exam----4
Exam 4
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| the _____division of the autonomic nervous system is said to function during "fight or flight" | sympathetic |
| the parasympathetic nervous system is expecially active durig which physiological state | digestion |
| parasympathetic functions include all of the following except | dilation of the airways---SO IT IS decrease in the rate of cardiac contraction, increased secretion by salivary glands, stimulation of urination, stimulation of defecation |
| the regulation of blood pressure depends upon | both parasympathetic and sympathetic levels os stimulation |
| drugs that have effects similar to those of sympathetic sctivation are called sympathomimetic drugs. Which of teh following would you not expect to observe in a person who has taken a sypathomimetic drug | decreased blood pressure |
| tom suffers from hypertension (high blood pressure) which of the following might help deal with his probel? a drug that | bloaks beta receptors in cardiac muscle tissue |
| the parasympathetic nervous system is especially active during which physiological state? | digestion |
| dual innervation refers to an organ receiving | both sympathetic and parasympathetic innervation |
| autonomic tone is an important aspect of ANS function because it | allows ANS neurons to increase or decrease their activity, providing a range of control options |
| a decrease in the sutonomic tone of the smooth muscle in a blood vessel would result in | an increase in blood flow through the vessel |
| the suprarenal medulla secretes | both epinephrine and norepinephrine |
| which of teh following would lead to increased heart rate | increased sypathetic input and decreased parasympathetic input |
| which of the following is essential for memory consolidation | limbic system |
| mechanisms involved in memory foramtion and storage involve all of the following, except | anterograde amnesia---SO IT IS increased release of neurotransmitters, formation of additional synaptic connections, the formation of memory engrams, faciliation at synapses |
| long-term memories that are with you for a lifetime are called | tertiary memories |
| conversion of a short-term memory to a long-term memory is called | memory consolidation |
| the conscious state is maintained by the | reticular activating system |
| the regulation of awake-asleep cycles appears to involve an interplay between different neurotransmitters. The one that favors alertness is ___ and the other promoting deep sleep is _____. | norepinephrine; serotonin |
| changes in the central nervous system that accompany aging include | reduction in brain size and weight, decrease in the number of neurons, decreased blood flow to the brain, and changes in synaptic organization in the brain |
| active dreaming occurs in this state | REM sleep |
| Jim was in automobile accident and is no longer able to store new memories. However, his memories of past events are still intact. Jim is most likely suffering from | anterograde amnesia |
| what neurotransmitter is released from all neurons of the parasympathetic division of the ANS? | acetylcholine |
| the parasympathetic division of teh ANS innervates all of the following structures except | skeletal muscles ----SO IT IS the heart, organs of the digestive system, the urinary system and respiratory passageways |
| a single neural circuit that corresponds to a single memory is referred to as a | memory engram |
| the rate at which a short-term memory is converted into a long-term memory is affected by | the nature of teh stimulus, the frequency of teh stimulus, and the intensity of the stimulus |
| all of the following are true of the nervous system, except that it does not | function independently of the endocrine system----IT DOES respond rapidly to stimuli, respond specifically to stimuli, communicate by the release of neurotransmitters, and act to preserve homeostasis |
| ____ are chemical messengers that are released in one tissue and transported in the bloodstream to alter the activities of specific cells in other tissues | hormones |
| a simple endocrine reflex involves ____ hormone(s) | one |
| hormonal actions on cells include those that affect | quantities of enzymes, activities of enzymes, and sythesis of enzymes |
| hormone releae may be controlled by which of the following factors | blood level of ion, blood level of glucose, blood level of a hormone, and nervous stimuli |
| the primary function of ADH is to | decrese the amount of water lost at the kidneys |
| the hypothalamus controls the activities of the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland by | secreting releasing and inhibiting factors |
| the hypotalamus synthesizes | ADH and oxytocin |
| the anterior lobe of teh pituitary gland releases | FSH, TSH, ACTH, GH |
| the posterior pituitary gland secretes | ADH |
| the pituitary hormone that controls the release of glucocorticoids from the suprarenal cortex is | ACTH |
| the pituitary hormone that promotes egg development in ovaries and sperm development in testes is | FSH |
| which of the following elements is necessary for the production of thyroid hormone | iodine |
| mental and physical sluggishness and low body temperature may be signs of | hypothyroidism |
| the C cells of the thyroid gland produce | calcitonin |
| before the discovery of these glands, thyroid surgery often led to a rapid drop in blood calcium levels, whcih triggered muscle contractionc and cardiac arrhythmias. what glands are these and which hormone is lacking | parathyroid glands; parathyroid hormone |
| a hormone that helps to regulate the sodium ion content of the body is | aldosterone |
| cells of the suprarenal cortex produce | ADH |
| which of the following hormones increases and prolongs effects of the sympathetic nervous system? | epinephrine |
| which group of hormones cause an anti-inflammatory action | glucocorticoids |
| if a diabetic patient received too mcuh insulin, the low blood sugar could be corrected by injecting | glucagon |
| the beta cells of teh pancreatic islets produce | insulin |
| inability of the pancreas to produce insulin results in | diabetes mellitus |
| if stress lasts longer than a few hours, an individual will enter the ____ phase of the general adaption syndrome (GAS). | resistance |
| norepinephrine and epinephrine are considered to be ______ when released into the bloodstream, but _____ when released at synapses | hormones; neurotransmitters |
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ariffell1014