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Anatomy Exam----2
Exam 2
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| the dense layer of connective tissue that surrounds an entire skeletal muscle is the | epimysium |
| interactions between actin and myosin filaments of the sacromere are responsible for | muscle contraction |
| which of the following statement is false | cardiac muscle stimulation is neural----SO THESE ARE TRUE=smooth muscle does not contain organized sacromeres, skeletal muscle contactions may be summated, skeletal muscle stimulation is neural, and cardiocytes are interconnected through intercalated disc |
| skeletal muscle fibers are formed from embryonic cells called | myoblasts |
| which type of muscle fibers are best adapted for prolonged contraction such as standing all day | slow fibers |
| muscle fibers differ from "typical cells" in that muscle fibers | have many nuclei |
| which of the following best dexcribes the term sarcoplasmic reticulum | storage and release site for calcium ions |
| aat rest, active sites on the actin are blocked by | tropomyosin molecules |
| the thin filaments of striated muscle contain which proteins | actin, tropomyosin, troponin, and nebulin |
| when a skeletal muscle fiber contracts | the H bands and I bands get smaller, the zones of overlap get larger, the Z lines get closer together, and the width of the A band remains constant |
| the ability of smooth muscle to function over a wide range of lengths is called | plasticity |
| active sites on teh actin become available for binding after | calcium binds to troponin |
| the actin potential is conducted into a skeletal muscle fiber by | transverse tubules |
| in response to action potentials arriving along the transverse tubules, the sarcoplasmic reticlum releases | calcium ions |
| which of teh following become connected by myosin cross-bridges during muscle contraction | thin filaments and thick filaments |
| in rigor mortis | the myosin heads are attached to actin, ATP is depleted, muscles are inextensible, and cross-bridge cycling is absent |
| in a sarcomere, cross-bridge attachment occurs specifically in the | zone of overlap |
| triggering of the muscle action potential occurs after | acetylcholine binds to chemically-gated channels in the end plate membrane |
| list the events of that occur during muscle contraction | 1)CA ion released from the sarcoplasmic reticulum 2)CA binds to troponin 3)myosin cross-bridges bind to actin 4myosin head pivots toward center of sarcomere 5)the myosin head binds to atp molecule detahces from the actin 6the free myosin head spilts atp |
| how would the loss of acetylcholinesterase from the motor end plate affect skeletal muscle | it would cause spastic paralysis (muscles are contracted and unable to relax) |
| when acetylcholine binds to receptors at the motor end plate, the end plate membrane becomes | more permeable to sodium ions |
| a patient takes a medication that blocks ACh receptors of skeletal muscle fibers. What is this drugs effect on skeletal muscle contraction | reduces the muscle's ability for contaction |
| during the recovery period the bodys need for oxygen is increased because | additional oxygen is required to restore energy reserves consumed during exercise |
| the narrow space between the synaptic terminal and the muscle fiber is the | synaptic cleft |
| the ____nervous system controls the skeletal muscles | somatic |
| the part of the peripheral nervous system that carries sensory information to the CNS is designated | afferent |
| small, wandering cells that engulf cell debris and pathogens in the CNS are called | microglia |
| damage to ependymal cells would most likely affect the | formation of cerecrospinal fluid |
| the neuroglial cells that participate in maintaining the blood-brain barrier are the | astrocytes |
| what type of membrane channels are found in the axon | voltage-gated Na+ channels and voltage-gated K+ channels |
| what is contained inside postsynaptic things | neurotransmitter molecules |
| cholinergic synapses release the neurotransmitter | acetylocholine |
| opening of sodium channels in the axon membrane causes | depolarization |
| ____ open or close in response to binding specific molecules | chemically-gated channels |
| graded potentials | may be either depolarization or a hyperolarization |
| ions can move across the plasma membrane in which of the following ways | through voltage-gated channeld as in teh action potential, through passive or leak channels, by ATP-dependent ion pumps like sodium-potassium exchange pump, and throguh chemically-gated channels as in neurotransmitters |
| if ACh causes inhibition of a postsynaptic neuron, to what type of membrane channel did the ACh bind | chemically regulated potassium channel |
| a stimules that changed a postsynaptic neruons membrane from resting potential to -85 mV is | an inhibitory stimulus |
| the same ____can have different effects depneding on the properties of the ______ | neurotransmitter; receptor |
| the all-or-none princple states that | all stimuli great enough to bring the membrane to threshold will produce identical action potentials |
| which of the following statements about the action potential is false | the rapid depolarization phase is casued by the entry of K+ ion---SO IT IS during repolarization phase sodium channels close and K+ open, during depolarizaion membrane potentials become +, and repolarization occurs as K ions leave the axon |
| a threshold stimulus is the | depolarization necessary to cause an action potential |
| puffer fish posion bloacks voltage-gated sodium channels like a cork. what effect would this neurotoxin have on the function of neurons | the axon would be unable to generate action potentials |
| a neuron that receives neurotransmitter from another neuron is called | the postsynaptic neruon |
| summation that results from the cumulative effect of multiple synapses at multiple places on the neuron is designated | spatial summation |
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ariffell1014