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physics7&8

physics

QuestionAnswer
the 3 principle parts of an x-ray imaging system are x-ray tube, control console and high voltage generator
the primary purpose of the glass envelope of an x-ray tube is provide a vacuum
the protective housing of an x-ray tube is designed to reduce the hazard of leakage radiation
a diagnostic x-ray tube is an example of what diode
the large filament is used during radiography when the heat load is high and visiblity of detail is less important
in most x-ray tubes, there are 2 filaments to provide 2 focal spots
the focusing cup is the grid in a grid-controlled x-ray tube
once filament temperature becomes adequate, a further small rise in filament temperatur will cause tube current to increase very much
the cathode beam of an x-ray tube is the focused electron beam within the tube
the x-ray tube current is controlled by the filament current
most x-ray tubes used for radiography are dual focused tubes
the cathoded is one of the 2 parts of a diode
when a filament burns out the filament current goes to zero
the space charge effect occurs in the vicinity of the cathode
the x-ray tube filament conducts approximately 5 A
if saturation is achieved and the filament current is fixed, tube current remains fixed
x-ray tube current is 0 when filament current is below thermionic emission
a staionary anode x-ray tube incorporates the line-focus principle
the heel effect occurs because of x-ray absorption in the anode
the main reason for using the line-focus principle is to reduce focal spot size
rotating anode x-ray tubes incorporate the line-focus principle
x-ray intensity is higher on the cathode side than on the anode side because of which of the following x-ray absorption in the anode
what is the target angle for most rotating anode x-ray tubes 10 degrees
small target angles result in small focal spot size
molybdenum is used for the stem material because of which of the following is has a high atomic number
tungsten is the choice material for x-ray anodes because of its high atomic number
the effective focal spot is smaller than the actual focal spot
the heel effect requires that the cathode be positioned to the thicker anatomy
what is a prominent engineering difficulty in the manufacture of high speed rotating anodes balance of the rotor
which is a component of an electromagnetic induction motor stator
necessary properties of the x-ray target material include high melting point
which is an advantage of the rotating anode tube over the stationary anode tube higher heat capacity
the anode angle of an x-ray tube is increased to give which of the following higher heat capacity
which of the following components of a diagnostic x-ray tube is on the positive side of the tube stator
as the anode target angle increases effective focal spot size increases
a stationary anode will most likely be used in which of the following dentistry
which is not a function of the anode thermionic emission
what is the principle hurdle in the design of an x-ray anode for high-capacity radiologic techniques heat dissipation
the high speed rotor (10,000 rpm) permits longer exposure times that the low speed rotor at single phase operation (3400 rpm) true
if the intersection of time and KVp falls on an mA curve, that mA is safe true
most of the troublesome heat generated in an x-ray tube occurs at the filament false
generally, a small focal spot allows longer exposure times than a large focal spot false
the radiographic rating chart reports the time that should elapse between exposures false
it is not possible to exceeed the heat capacity of the housing without first exceeding that of the anode true
a tube can become "gassy" because of anode overheating and the release of gas true
the radiographic rating chart is designed primarily to protect the filament false
rotor speed does not influence heat capacity false
to determine whether any set of tube rating charts is applicable for a given x-ray tube, one should identify the type of tube, the anode rotation, the focal spot size, and the type of generator to make certain that all of these match the specifications on the chart
if a single exposure were made with factors slightly exceeding those permitted by the appropriate radiographic rating chart, what would be the most probable result the useful life of the tube would be reduced
if a single exposure were made with factors greatly exceeding those permitted by the appropriate radiographic rating chart, what would be the most probable result the anode would pit and crack
which of the following conditions will not damage the x-ray tube exceeding the prescribed SID
in the design of a rotating anode x-ray tube most anodes rotate at 3400 or 10,000 rpm
the formula for heat units (HU) is a single phase high-voltage generator in kVp x mA x s
if mass is expressed in kg and velocity in m/s, kinetic energy will be expressed in joules
the kinetic energy of the principle electron in an x-ray tube is about 1% efficient in the production of x-rays
the shift of the characteristic x-ray spectrum to higher energy occurs because of which of the following an increase in target atomic number
useful characteristic x-rays are produced in tungsten by removal of a K-shell electron
an L-shell elctron (binding energy 26 keV) is removed from an atom that has M-shell binding energy of 4 keV and N-shell binding energy of 1 keV. If a free electron fills the vacancy in the L-shell, the characteristic x-ray producted will have energy of 26 keV
what is produced when the projectile electron excites an outer-shell electron heat
the energy of characteristic x-rays increases with increasing atomic number of targer material
x-rays are produced when projectile electrons interact with target atoms
characteristic x-rays are characteristic of target Z
when tungsten-targeted x-ray tube is operated at 68 kVp some principle electrons have 68 keV
when characteristic x-rays are produced, the energy is characteristic of the atomic number of the target
the kinetic energy of a projectile electron can be measured in joules
the efficiency of x-ray production is independent of tube current
in a tungsten-targeted x-ray tube operated at 90 kVp, the most abundant x-ray would be a 30 keV bremsstrahlung x-ray
which of the following electron transitions results in the most useful bremsstrahlung x-rays none of them
bremsstrahlung radiation is produced by conversion of projectiole electron kinetic energy to electromagnetic energy
when a bremsstrahlung x-ray is produced a projectile electron loses energy
in bremsstrahlung x-ray production the projectile electron is from the cathode
if an average radiographic technique is used most x-rays are bremsstrahlung
bremsstrahlung x-rays are produced only at energies up to projectile electron energy
if radiographic technique is 74 kVp/ 80 mAs bremsstrahlung x-ray energy increases if the voltage is increased to 84 kVp
if radiographic technique in a tungsten target at 60 kVp/ 80 mAs is changed to 80 kVp/ 80 mAs the number of x-rays produced increases
bremsstrahlung x-rays produced in a tungsten-targeted x-ray tube outnumber characteristic x-rays
when a bremsstrahlung x-ray is emitted this results from the conversion of kinetic energy
the wavelength of an x-ray becomes longer as projectile electron kinetuc energy is reduced
when projectile electron energy is increased more bremsstrahlung x-rays are produced
the efficiency of bremsstrahlung x-ray production increases with increasing target atomic number
the output intensity of an x-ray tube is primarilly due to bremsstrahlung x-rays
which of the following projectile electron target interactions results in x-ray emission removal of inner shell electrons
when a projectile electron enters a target atom and interacts with the nuclear force field it decreased in velocity
the area under the curve of the x-ray emission spectrum represents the total number of x-rays
normally, the x-ray emission spectrum contains both characteristic and bremsstrahlung x-rays
the characteristic x-ray emission spectrum principally depends on target material
the continuous x-ray emission spectrum principally depends on projectile electron energy
which of the following factors explains the low number of x-rays produced at low energy added filtration
the x-ray emission spectrum represents x-rays emitted from the x-ray tube
both the shape and the position of the characteristic x-ray emission spectrum correspond to target electron binding energies
a diagnostic x-ray beam contains mostly bremsstrahlung x-rays with some characteristic x-rays
the x-ray emission spectrum is a plot of the number of x-rays vs energy
the amplitude of the bremsstrahlung x-ray emission spectrum has maximum value at energy approximately 1/3 of the kVp
if an x-ray emission spectrum represents operation at 85 kVp with a tunsten target the K-characteristic x-ray emission would occur at 69 keV
if an x-ray emission spectum represented operation at 26 kVp with a molybdenum target the characteristic radiation would have an energy of approx 19 keV
which of the following factors principally accounts for the reduced x-ray intensity at low energy added filtration
characteristic x-radiation is related to the energy required to eject K-shell electrons
molybdenum has a lower atomic number that tungsten, therefore, the molybdenum x-ray emission spectrum has lower amplitude
to construct an x-ray emission spectrum, one must know number of x-rays at each energy interval
Created by: 100001225073119
 

 



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