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workbook21
visual and auditory systems
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| fibers holding the lens in place | zonules |
| fills the anterior cavity of the eye | aqueous humor |
| fills the posterior cavity of the eye | vitreous humor |
| clear outer layer of anterior eyeball | cornea |
| secretes aqueous humor | ciliary body |
| photoreceptors cells stimulated in dim environments | rods |
| focuses light rays on retina | lens |
| needed for color vision | cones |
| protective white outer layer of the eyeball | sclera |
| junction of the cornea and scleara | limbus |
| transparent mucous membrane lining the eyelids | conjunctiva |
| drains tears from the surface of the eye into the lacrimal canals | puncta |
| point where the optic nerve exits the eyeball | optic disk |
| nourishes the ciliary body, iris, and part of the retina | choroid |
| drainage path for the the aqueous humor | canal of schlemm |
| colored portion of the eye | iris |
| opening in the center of the iris | pupil |
| what cranial nerve is responsible for eyelid movement | CN VII Facial |
| which cranial nerve is responsible for pupil constriction | CN III oculomotor |
| which cranial nerve is responsible for pupil dilation | CN V trigeminal |
| which cranial nerve is responsible for visual acuity | CN II optic |
| is the turning out of the eyelid (usually the lower eyelid) so that the inner surface is exposed. | ectropion |
| a small, yellowish nodule on the conjunctiva near the cornea (non-cancerous growth of the clear, thin tissue (conjunctiva) that lays over the white part of the eye (sclera)) | pinguecula |
| is a white or gray, opaque ring in the corneal margin (peripheral corneal opacity), or white ring around the iris | arcus senilis |
| what causes ectropion in the elderly | loss of orbital fat and weakening of the connective tissue |
| what causes pinguecula? | chronic exposure to UV light or other environmental irritants |
| what causes arcus senilis? | cholesterol deposits in peripheral cornea |
| what causes floaters in the aging population | liquification and detachment of vitreous |
| why do the elderly get changes in color perception | decreased cones |
| why does the pupil decrease in size when you age | increased rigidity of iris |
| why does the sclera turn yellow when you age | deposit of lipids |
| why do your eyes get more dry and irritated when you age | decreased tear secretion |
| when obtaining health hx from a pt with cataracts, it is most important for the nurse to ask about the pt's use of (what medication) | corticosteroids |
| deficiency of what vitamins and minerals may have effect on the eyes | vitamin E, C and zinc |
| Why might you ask someone about their bathroom habits when trying to find out about their eye health | constipation can increase intraocular pressure |
| why question patient about hobbies and work when seeking info about eye health | hobbies or work may involve eye strain; lack of protective eye gear during work or sports |
| the nurse documents perrla following assessment of pt's eyes. one finding that supports this data is | constriction of pupils when an object is brought closer to the eyes |
| how do you assess peripheral vision field | confrontation test |
| how do you assess extraocular muscle functions | cardinal field of gaze |
| how do you assess for near visual acuity | jaeger chart |
| how do you assess visual acuity | snellen chart |
| how do you assess intraocular pressure | tono-pen tonometry |
| the nurse would expect to find a yellow cast to the sclera in | dark skinned persons |
| infants and some older adults may have what color sclera | blue |
| does the color of the iris affect the color of the sclera | no |
| what will the sclera look like in people with eye infections | reddened |
| to determine the presence of corneal abrasions or defects in a patient with an eye injury, the nurse would provide | fluorescein dye |
| when fluorescein dye is applied topically to a person's eye what color will it turn when there is an irregularity or abrasion | bright green |
| a tonometer is used to measure what | intraoccular pressure |
| upper lid droop | ptosis |
| double vision is also called | diplopia |
| protrusion of eyeballs | exopthalmos |
| light intolerance | photophobia |
| unequal pupil size | anisocoria |
| deviation of eye position | strabismus |
| redness and crusting along lid margins | blepharitis |
| when examining pt's eye w/ opthalmoscope, which of following findings would be of most concern | a break in the retina at the site of the macula |
| what are normal findings when looking at the optic disk through a opthalmoscope? | depression of the center of the optic disk and blurring of the optic disk at the nasal border |
| to prepare a pt for a flourescein angiography, the nurse explains that the test involves | IV injection of a dye to evaluate blood flow through the epithelial and retinal blood vessels |
| the measurement of corneal curvature is called | keratometry |
| keratometry is done to asses for what eye condition | astigmatism |
| sets bones in the middle ear in motion | tympanic membrane |
| allows for equalization of pressure in the middle ear | eustachian tube |
| receives sound waves and transmits to the tympanic membrane | external ear |
| converts mechanical sound waves into electrochemical impulse | Organ of corti |
| organ of balance and equilibrium | semicircular canals |
| transmits sound stimuli to the brain | acoustic portion of the CN VIII (vestibulococular nerve) |
| receptor organ of sound | cochlea |
| amplifies sound waves and transmits vibrations to the inner ear | ossicular chain |
| transmits stimuli from the semicircular canals to the brain | vestibular portion of CN VIII |
| what changes occur to the external ear when you age | increased production and dryness of cerumen, increased hair |
| what changes occur to the middle ear when you age | atrophy of the eardrum |
| what changes occur to the inner ear when you age | decreased cochlear efficiency resulting from decreased blood supply, decreased hair cells and decreased neurons |
| The nurse suspects a patient has presbycusis when she complains of | a decrease in the ability to hear high-pitched sounds |
| what is presbycusis? | Age-related hearing loss with gradually progressive inability to hear, especially high frequency sounds |
| What drugs are ototoxic? | NSAIDS, ASA, Lasix (diuretics), some antibiotics and some antimetabolites (cancer drugs) |
| Examination of the external ear involves the techniques of _______ and ________. | inspection and palpation |
| To straighten the ear canal in an adult before inserting of the otoscope, the nurse grasps the auricle and pulls | upward and backward |
| Major landmarks of the tympanic membrane include what three things | umbo, the handle of malleus, and the cone of light |
| A normal finding upon physical assessment of the ear is the ability to hear a low whisper at _______ cm. | 30 cm |
| A patient has a negative Rinne test of the left ear. The nurse would expect that with Weber testing the patient would hear the tuning form sound best in the _____ ear. | left |
| What is a Rinne test? | It compares perception of sounds transmitted by air conduction to those transmitted by bone conduction through the mastoid. Screens for the presence of conductive hearing loss. |
| What is the Weber test? | The Weber test is a quick screening test for hearing. It can detect unilateral (one-sided) conductive hearing loss and unilateral sensorineural hearing loss |
| What is a normal result with the Weber test. | sound localizes equally in both ears |
| What happens during a Weber test when there is conduction hearing loss? | sound localizes toward the poor ear |
| What happens during a Weber test when there is sensorineural hearing loss | sound localizes toward the good ear |
| negative Rinne test to the left ear means what | that the left ear has conduction hearing loss |
| The presence of retracted eardrum on otoscopic exam is indicative of ______ _______ of the middle ear. | negative pressure |
| In _____ otitis media, the nurse would expect to find a lack of landmarks and a bulging eardrum on otoscopic examination | acute |
| positive Rinne test is what kind of hearing loss | sensorineural hearing loss |
| negative Rinne test is what kind of hearing loss | conductive hearing loss |
| weber lateralization to impaired ear | conductive hearing loss |
| weber lateralization to good ear | sensorineural hearing loss |
| external or middle ear pathology | conductive hearing loss |
| inner ear or nerve pathway pathology | sensorineural hearing loss |
| Results of an audiometry indicate that a patient has a 10 dB hearling loss at 8000 Hz. the most appropriate action by nurse is to | speak at a normal speed and volume with the patient. |
| Hearing is most sensitive between _____ and _____ Hz. | 500-4000 Hz |
| A 40-50 dB loss in the frequency between 4000 and 8000 Hz will cause difficulty distinguishing ______ _______ ________ | high pitched consonants |
| A hearing aid is rarely recommended for a hearing loss less than ______dB | 26 |
| When do problems in everyday communication occur, with what degree of hearing loss | when hearing loss is 25dB or higher |
| Disease of the vestibular system of the ear is indicated with caloric testing when | no nystagmus is elicited with application of water in the external ear |
Created by:
kellyaem