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Chem 115 Exam 1
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Renewable fuels | |
| Nonrenewable fuels | |
| Define and differentiate between hypothesis, theory, and law | |
| Identify the principle sources of energy used in the USA | |
| In general, how has the climate varied over the past 500,000 years | |
| What evidence indicates the climate is growing warmer | |
| Describe the factors that are responsible for the Earth's energy balance | |
| Describe the change in CO2 concentrations in the atmosphere over the past 350 years | |
| Identify the greenhouse gases | |
| How would you round 6.5 to one significant figure? | 6 |
| How would you round 7.5 to one significant figure? | 8 |
| Describe the rule for significant figures when multiplying/dividing and subtracting/adding | |
| What is an isotope? | |
| What are the units of molar mass | g/mol |
| What is the ideal gas law and what are its variables? | PV=nRT P(atm); V(L); n(mol); R(0.082); T(K) |
| How do nuclear changes differ from chemical changes | 1. Atoms do not change identity in chemical reactions, whereas in nuclear reactions they do 2. Nuclear reactions release a greater amount of energy than chemical reactions |
| Define radioactivity | |
| nucleon | |
| nuclide | |
| Add 4/2 He2+ ... lose 4 mass number; lose 2 p+ | alpha decay |
| Loss of an electron | beta emission |
| When a positron and an electron meet, what kind of particle is emitted | gamma |
| Why is radioactive decay a first order process | |
| decay rate | |
| specific activity | |
| How is mass defect related to nuclear binding energy | |
| What is fission | |
| What is fusion | |
| What is the current application of fission | |
| What is a potential application of fusion | |
| Which is not consistent with the global warming model? a. CO2 levels increasing faster than can be accounted for b. snow and glacial coverage decrease c. global average air temp. rise d. global avg ocean temp decrease e. sea ice extent decrease | d. global avg ocean temp. decrease |
| Formula for molarity | M=L/mol |
| Which doesn't lead to the release of CO2 when used as fuel in combustion engines or power stations? a. coal b. ethanol c. gasoline d. natural gas e. enriched uranium dioxide | e. enriched uranium dioxide |
| positron emission | lose an e- |
| electron capture | opposite of beta emission... |
| Which nuclide(s) would you predict to be stable? a. 20/8 O b. 59/27 Co c. 9/3 Li | |
| What's the difference between precision and accuracy? | Precision hits the same area; Accurate hits the correct area |
| The recent rise in CO2 level coincides with what event in history? | The industrial revolution |
| What is used to analyze ice cores | 16 O/18 O ratios |
| How do you calculate the nuclear biding energy? | given mass -(#protons(mass proton)+#neutrons(mass neutron))= mass change in amu; convert to kg by dividing by constant (1 amu = 1.661E-27 kg) E=mc^2 Multiply m(kg) by c(3E8)^2 =Binding energy in J |
| ln(N/N(o))=-kt and kt(1/2)=ln2 | how to calculate half life! |
Created by:
jkmccord11
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