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Acids and Bases 2024
Vocabulary for Acids and Bases
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Alkaline | Means the same as BASE. A solution in which there are more OH- ions than H+ ions |
| Arrhenius Acid | A substance that increases the concentration of hydrogen ions, H+, in aqueous solution |
| Arrhenius Base | A substance that increases the concentration of hydroxide ions, OH-, in aqueous solution |
| Binary Acid | An acid that contains only two elements: Hydrogen and either Fluorine, Chlorine, Bromine, Iodine, or Sulfur |
| Oxyacid | An acid that is a compound of hydrogen and a polyatomic ion containing oxygen |
| Strong Acid | An acid that ionizes completely in aqueous solution |
| Weak Acid | An acid that does not ionize completely in aqueous solution |
| Amphoteric | Any species that can react as either an acid or a base |
| Bronsted-Lowry Acid | A molecule or ion that is a proton donor |
| Bronsted-Lowry Acid-Base Reaction | The transfer of protons from one reactant (the acid) to another (the base) |
| Bronsted-Lowry Base | A molecule or ion that is a proton acceptor |
| Conjugate Acid | The species that is formed when a Bronsted-lowry base gains a proton |
| Conjugate Base | The species that remains after a Bronsted-Lowry acid has given up a proton |
| Diprotic Acid | An acid that can donate two protons per molecule, such as H2SO4 |
| Monoprotic Acid | An acid that can donate only one proton (hydrogen ion) per molecule. Example: HBr |
| Polyprotic Acid | An acid that can donate more than one proton per molecule such as H2SO4 and H3PO4 |
| Triprotic Acid | An acid able to donate three protons per molecule such as H3PO4 |
| pH | The negative log of the hydrogen ion concentration of a solution |
| pOH | The negative log of the hydroxide ion concentration of a solution |
| Self-Ionization of Water | A process in which water molecules break apart to form hydrogen ions and hydroxide ions |
| Neutralization | The reaction of hydrogen ions and hydroxide ions to form water molecules |
| Salt | An ionic compound |
| End Point | The point in a titration at which an indicator changes color |
| Equivilance Point | The point at which the two solutions used in a titration are present in equivalent amounts (H+ = OH-) |
| Acid-Base Indicator | A compound whose color changes when the pH changes |
| Titration | The controlled addition and measurement of the amount of a solution of known concentration required to react completely with a measured amount of a solution of unknown concentration |
| Neutral | a substance that has an equal amount of hydrogen ion and hydroxide ion (H+ = OH-) |
Created by:
kost
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