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Honors Chem Ch 13/14
Question | Answer |
---|---|
Colloid | A mixture in which the solute particles are so small that they do not settle out and cannot be filtered out but they can be seen using a beam of light. |
Electrolyte | A substance that dissolves in water to give a solution that conducts electric current |
Non-electrolyte | A substance that dissolves in water to give a solution that does not cunduct an electric current |
Soluble | Capable of being dissolved |
Solute | The substance dissolved in a solution |
Solution | A homogeneous mixture of two or more substances in a single phase |
Solvent | The dissolving medium in a solution |
Suspension | A mixture in which the particles in the solvent are large enough to settle out unless the mixture is constantly stirred or agitated |
Henry's Law | The solubility of a gas in a liquid is directly proportional to the partial pressure of that gas on the surface of the liquid |
Hydration | A solution process with water as the solvent |
Immiscible | Liquid solutes and solvents that are not soluble in each other |
Miscible | Liquid solutes and solvents that are able to dissolve freely in one another in any proportion |
Saturated Solution | A solution that contains the maximum amount of dissolved solute |
Solubility | The amount of a substance required to form a saturated solution with a specific amount of solvent at a specifid temperature |
Supersaturated Solution | A solution that contains more dissolved solute than a saturated solution contains under the same conditions |
Unsaturated Solution | A solution that contains less solute than a saturated solution under the existing conditions |
Concentration | A measure of the amount of solute in a given amount of solvent or solution |
Molarity | A way of measuring concentration by calculating the number of moles of solute in one liter of solution |
Dissociation | The separation of ions that occurs when an ionic compound dissolves |
Hydronium Ion | The H30+ ion |
Ionization | The energy required to remove one electron from a neutral atom of an element |
Net Ionic Equation | An equation that includes only those compounds and ions that undergo a chemical change in a reaction in an aqueous solution |
Spectator Ions | An ion that does not take part in a chemical reaction and is found in solution both before and after the reaction |
Strong Electrolyte | Any compound of which all or almost all of the dissolved compound exists as ions in aqueous solution |
Weak Electrolyte | A compound of which a relatively small amount of the dissolved compound exists as ions in an aqueous solution |
Boiling-Point Elevation | A colligative property that is the difference between the boiling point of a pure solvent and a nonelectrolyte of that solvent, directly proportional to the concentration of the solution |
Colligative Properties | Properties that depend on the concentration of solute particles but not on their identity |
Freezing-Point Depression | A colligative property that is the difference between the freezing points of a pure solvent and a solution of a nonelectrolyte in that solvent; is directly proportional to the concentration of the solution |