Specializes in the measurement of hearing function and the rehabilitation of persons with hearing impairments.

Specializes in diagnosing and treating diseases and disorders of the eye.

Holds a Doctor of Optometry (OD) degree and specializes in measuring the accuracy of vision to determine whether corrective lenses or eyeglasses are needed.

Is a physician who specializes in the care of the ears, nose, and throat.

Pertaining to the eye or sight.

Pertaining to the sense of hearing.

Also known as ANDEXA OCULI, include the orbit, eye muscles, eyelids, eyelashes, conjunctiva, and lacrimal apparatus.

Also known as the EYE SOCKET, is the bony cavity of the skull that contains and protects the eyeball and its associated muscles, blood vessels, and nerves.

Refers to both eyes working together.

Protects the eyeball from foreign matter, excessive light, and impact.

Is the angle where the upper and lower eyelids meet.

Is where the eyelids meet nearest the nose.

Is a vertical fold of skin on either side of the nose.

Also known as TARSAL, is the platelike framework within the uper and lower eyelids that provides stiffness and shape.

Prevent foreign matter form reaching the eyes.

Is the mucous membrane that lines and underside of each eyelid and continues to form a protective covering over the eposed surface of the eyeball.

Also known as the TEAR APPARATUS, consists of the structures that produce, store, and remove tears.

Located above the outer corner of each eye.

Also known as TEARS, maintains moisture on the anterior surface of the eyeball.

Is the normal continuous secretion of tears by the lacrimal glands.

Are the ducts at the inner corner of each eye. These ducts contains tears and drain them into the lacrimal sac.

Also known as the DACRYOCYST, is an enlargement of the upper portion of the lacrimal duct.

Also known as the NASOLACRIMAL DUCT, is the passageway that drains lacrimal fluid into the nose.

Also known as GLOBE, is a one-inch sphere with walls made up of three layers: the sclera, charoid, and retina.

Also known as the WHITE OF THE EYE, is the fibrous tissue outer layer of the eye.

Is the transparent anterior portion of the sclera.

Also known as UVEA, is the vascular layer of the eye.

Also known as CHAROID LAYER/CHAROID COAT, is the opaque middle layer of the eyeball.

Means that light cannot pass through this substance.

Is the pigmented (colored) muscular layer tht surrounds the pupil.

Is the black circular opening in the center of the iris that permits light to enter the eye.

Also known as CRYSTALLINE LENS, is the clear, flexible, curved structure that focuses images on the retina.

Which is located within the choroid, is a set of muscles and suspensory ligaments that adjust the lens to refine the focus of light rays on the retina.

Is the sesitive inner nerve layer of the eye located between the posterior chamber and the choroid layer at the back of the eye.

Is a clearly defined yellow area in the center of the retina.

Is a pit in the middle of the macula lutea.

Also known as the BLIND SPOT, is the region in the eye where the nerve endings of the retina gather to form the optic nerve.

Also known as teh SECOND CRANIAL NERVE(CN II), transmits the nerve impulses from the retina to the brain.

The front one-third of the eyeball.

Is located behind the inner surface of the cornea and in front of the iris.

Is located between the back of the iris and the front of the lens.

Is any clear body liquid or semifluid substance.

Also known as VITREOUS GEL, is the soft, clear, jellylike mass aids the eye in maintaining its shape.

Is the proess whereby the eyes make adjustments for seeing objects at variou distances.

Is the simultaneous inward movement of the two eyes (toward each other), usually in an effort to maintain single binocular vision as an object comes nearer.

Is the normal relationship between the refractive power of the eye and the shape of the eye that enables light rays to focus correctly on the retina.

Is the ability of the lens to bend the light rays to help them focus on the retina.

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Vocabulary Ch. 11

Special Senses: The Eyes and Ears

Question	Answer
audiologist	Specializes in the measurement of hearing function and the rehabilitation of persons with hearing impairments.
opthalmologist	Specializes in diagnosing and treating diseases and disorders of the eye.
optometrist	Holds a Doctor of Optometry (OD) degree and specializes in measuring the accuracy of vision to determine whether corrective lenses or eyeglasses are needed.
otolaryngologist	Is a physician who specializes in the care of the ears, nose, and throat.
optic	Pertaining to the eye or sight.
ocular	Pertaining to the eye.
extraocular	Outside the eyeball.
intraocular	Within the eyeball.
auditory	Pertaining to the sense of hearing.
acoustic	Relating to sound or hearing.
adnexa	Also known as ANDEXA OCULI, include the orbit, eye muscles, eyelids, eyelashes, conjunctiva, and lacrimal apparatus.
orbit	Also known as the EYE SOCKET, is the bony cavity of the skull that contains and protects the eyeball and its associated muscles, blood vessels, and nerves.
binocular	Refers to both eyes working together.
upper/lower eyelids	Protects the eyeball from foreign matter, excessive light, and impact.
canthus	Is the angle where the upper and lower eyelids meet.
inner canthus	Is where the eyelids meet nearest the nose.
epicanthus	Is a vertical fold of skin on either side of the nose.
tarsus	Also known as TARSAL, is the platelike framework within the uper and lower eyelids that provides stiffness and shape.
eyebrows/eyelashes	Prevent foreign matter form reaching the eyes.
conjunctiva	Is the mucous membrane that lines and underside of each eyelid and continues to form a protective covering over the eposed surface of the eyeball.
lacrimal apparatus	Also known as the TEAR APPARATUS, consists of the structures that produce, store, and remove tears.
lacrimal glands	Located above the outer corner of each eye.
lacrimal fluid	Also known as TEARS, maintains moisture on the anterior surface of the eyeball.
lacrimation	Is the normal continuous secretion of tears by the lacrimal glands.
lacrimal canaliculi	Are the ducts at the inner corner of each eye. These ducts contains tears and drain them into the lacrimal sac.
lacrimal sac	Also known as the DACRYOCYST, is an enlargement of the upper portion of the lacrimal duct.
lacrimal duct	Also known as the NASOLACRIMAL DUCT, is the passageway that drains lacrimal fluid into the nose.
eyeball	Also known as GLOBE, is a one-inch sphere with walls made up of three layers: the sclera, charoid, and retina.
sclera	Also known as the WHITE OF THE EYE, is the fibrous tissue outer layer of the eye.
cornea	Is the transparent anterior portion of the sclera.
uveal tract	Also known as UVEA, is the vascular layer of the eye.
charoid	Also known as CHAROID LAYER/CHAROID COAT, is the opaque middle layer of the eyeball.
opaque	Means that light cannot pass through this substance.
iris	Is the pigmented (colored) muscular layer tht surrounds the pupil.
pupil	Is the black circular opening in the center of the iris that permits light to enter the eye.
lens	Also known as CRYSTALLINE LENS, is the clear, flexible, curved structure that focuses images on the retina.
ciliary body	Which is located within the choroid, is a set of muscles and suspensory ligaments that adjust the lens to refine the focus of light rays on the retina.
retina	Is the sesitive inner nerve layer of the eye located between the posterior chamber and the choroid layer at the back of the eye.
macula lutea	Is a clearly defined yellow area in the center of the retina.
fovea centralis	Is a pit in the middle of the macula lutea.
optic disk	Also known as the BLIND SPOT, is the region in the eye where the nerve endings of the retina gather to form the optic nerve.
optic nerve	Also known as teh SECOND CRANIAL NERVE(CN II), transmits the nerve impulses from the retina to the brain.
anterior segment	The front one-third of the eyeball.
anterior chamber	Is located behind the inner surface of the cornea and in front of the iris.
posterior chamber	Is located between the back of the iris and the front of the lens.
humor	Is any clear body liquid or semifluid substance.
vitreous humor	Also known as VITREOUS GEL, is the soft, clear, jellylike mass aids the eye in maintaining its shape.
accommodation	Is the proess whereby the eyes make adjustments for seeing objects at variou distances.
convergence	Is the simultaneous inward movement of the two eyes (toward each other), usually in an effort to maintain single binocular vision as an object comes nearer.
emmetropia(EM)	Is the normal relationship between the refractive power of the eye and the shape of the eye that enables light rays to focus correctly on the retina.
refraction	Is the ability of the lens to bend the light rays to help them focus on the retina.
visual acuity	Is the ability to distinguish objects details and shape at a distance.
snellen chart	Is used to measure visual acuity.
blepharoptosis	Is the drooping of the upper eyelid.
ectropion	Is the eversion (turning outward) of the edge of the eyelid.
entropion	Is the inversion (turning inward) of the edge of the eyelid.
hordeolum	Also known as a STYE, is an infection of one or more glands at the border of the eyelid.
chalazion	Also known as an INTERNAL HORDEOLUM, is localized swelling of the eyelid resulting from obstruction of one of the sebaceous (oil-producing) glands of the eyelid.
dacryocystitis	Is an inflammation of the lacrimal sac and is associated with faulty tear drainage.
conjunctivitis	Also known as PINKEYE, is an inflammation of the conjucntiva.
xerophthalmia	Also known as DRY EYE, is drying of the eye surfaces characterized by the loss of luster of the conjunctiva and cornea.
scleritis	Is an inflammation of the sclera.
keratitis	Is an inflammation of the cornea.
corneal abrasion	Is an injury, such as a scratch or irritation, to the outer layers of the cornea.
corneal abrasion	Is an injury, such as a scratch or irritation, to the outer layers of the cornea.
corneal ulcer	Is a pitting of the cornea caused by an infection or injury.
corneal abrasion	Is an injury, such as a scratch or irritation, to the outer layers of the cornea.
corneal ulcer	Is a pitting of the cornea caused by an infection or injury.
iritis	Is an inflammation of the iris.
synechia	Is an adhesion that binds the iris to any adjacent structure.
anisocoria	Is a condition in which the pupils are unequal in size.
cataract	Is the loss of transparency of the lens.
choke disk	Also known as PAPILLEDEMA, is swelling and inflammation of the optic nerve at the point of entrance through the optic disk.
floaters	Also known as VITREOUS FLOATERS,are particles that float in the vitreous fluid and cast shadows on the retina.
nystagmus	Is an involuntary, constant, rhythmic movement of the eyeball.
retinal detachment	Also known as DETACHED RETINA, the retina is pulled away from its normal position of being attached to the choroid in the back of the eye.
uveitis	Is an inflammation anywhere in the uveal tract.
glaucoma	Is a group of diseases characterized by increased intraocular preassure(IOP), resulting in damage to the optic nerve and retinal nerve fibers.
open-angle glaucoma	Is the most common form of glaucoma, the trabecular meshwork becomes blocked.
closed-angle glaucoma	Is the opening between the cornea and iris narrow so that fluid cannot reach the trabecular meshwork.
macular degeneration-age related(AMD)	Is a gradually progressive condition that results in the loss of central vision but not in total blindness.
dry type macular degeneration	Which accounts for 90 percent of cases, is caused by the atrophy(deterioration) of the macula.
wet type macular degeneration	Is associated with the formation of new blood vessels that produce small hemorrhages.
diplopia	Also known as DOUBLE VISION, is the perception of two images of a single object.
hemianopia	Is blindness in one half of the vision field.
monochromatism	Also known as COLOR BLINDNESS, is the lack of the ability to distinguish colors.
nyctalopia	Also known as NIGHT BLINDNESS, is a condition in which the individual has difficulty seeing at night.
presbyopia	Describes the changes in the eyes that occur with aging.
stabismus	Also known as SQUINT, is a disorder in which the eyes cannot be directed in parallel manner toward the same object.
esotropia	Also known as CROSS EYES, is strabismus characterized by an inward deviation of one eye in relation to the other.
extropia	Also known as WALLEYE, is strabismus characterized by the outward deviation of one eye relative to the other.
refractive disorder	is a condition in which the lens and cornea do not bend light so that it focuses properly on the retina.
ametropia	is any error of refraction in which images do not focus properly on the retina.
astigmatism	is a condition in which the eye does not focus properly because of uneven curvatures of the cornea.
hyperopia	Also known as FARSIGHTEDNESS, is a defect in which light rays focus beyond the retina.
myopia	Also known as NEARSIGHTEDNESS, is a defect in which light rays focus in front of the retina.
amblyopia	Is a dimness of vision or the partial loss of sight without detectable disease of the eye.
blindness	Is the inability to see.
scotoma	Also known as a BLIND SPOT, is an abnormal area of absent or depressed vision surrounded by an area of normal vision.
visual acuity measurement	Is an evaluation of the eye's ability to distinguish object details and shape.
refraction	Is an examination procedure to determine an eye's refractive error and the best corrective lenses to be prescribed.
tonometry	Measures intraocular pressure.
mydriatic drops	Produces temporary paralysis, which forces the pupils to remain wide open even in the presence of bright light.
dilation	Is the artificial enlargement of an opening.
flurescein staining	Is used to visualize a corneal abrasion(injury).
intravenous fluorescein angiography(IVFA)	A dye is injected into a vein in the arm, and pictures are taken as the dye passes throught the blood vessels in the retina.
visual field test	Is used to determine losses in peripheral vision.
orbitotomy	Is a surgical incision into the orbit for biopsy, abscess drainage, or the removal of a tumor mass or foreign object.
tarsectomy	Is the surgical removal of a segment of the tarsal plate of the upper or lower eyelid.
tarsorrhaphy	Is the partial or complete suturing together of the upper and lower eyelids.
conjunctivoplasty	Is the surgical repair of the conjunctiva.
corneal transplant	Also known as KERATOPLASTY, scarred or diseased cornea with clear corneal tissue from a donor.
iridectomy	Is the surgical removal of a portion of the iris tissue.
radial keratotomy	Is used to correct myopia.
lensectomy	Is the general term used to describe the surgical removal of a cataractclouded lens.
extracapsular cataract extraction(ECCE)	Is the removal of a cloudy lens that leaves the posterior lens capsule intact.
intracapsular cataract extraction(ICCE)	Is the removal of a cloudy lens including the surrounding capsule.
phacemulsification	Is the use of ultrasonic vibration to shatter and break up a cataract making it easier to remove.
intraocular lens(IOL)	Is a plastic lens that is surgically implanted to replace the natural lens.
aphakia	Is the absence of the lens of an eye after cataract extraction.
pseudophakia	Is an eye in which the natural lens is replaced with an IOL.
pinna	Also known as the AURICLE, is the external portion of the ear.
external auditory canal	Transmits sound waves from the pinna to the middle ear.
cerumen	Also known as EARWAX, is secreted by ceruminous glands that line the auditory canal.
tympanic membrane	Also known as the EARDRUM, is located between the outer and middle ear.
mastoid cells	Hollow air spaces located in the mastoid process of the temporal bone.
auditory ossicles	Are three small bones found in the middle ear.
malleus	HAMMER
incus	ANVIL
stapes	STIRRUP
eustachian tubes	Also known as AUDITORY TUBES, are narrow tubes, which lead from the middle ear to the nasppharynx, equalize the air pressure in the middle ear with that of the outside atomsphere.
inner ear	Also known as the LABYRINTH, contains the sensory receptors for hearing and balance.
oval window	Located under the base of the stapes, is the membrane that separates the middle eare from the inner ear.
cochlea	Is the spiral passage that leads from the oval window.
cochlear duct	Located within the cochlea, is filled with fluid that vibrates when the sound waves strike it.
organ of Corti	Also located within the cochlea, is the receptor site that receives these vibrations and relays them to the auditory nerve fibers.
semicircular canals	Also located within the inner ear, contain endolymph(a liquid) and sensitive hairlike cells.
equilibrium	Is the state of balance.
acousitc nerve	Transmit information to the brain, and the brain sends messages to muscles in all parts of the body to ensure that equilibruim is maintained.
air conduction	Sound waves enter the ear though the pinna, travel down the auditory canal, and strike the tympanic membrane between the outer and middle ear.
bone conduction	As the eardrum vibrates, it moves the auditory ossicles, and these conduct sound waves throught the middle ear.
sensorineural conduction	Sound vibrations reach the inner ear via the oval window. The stuctures of the inner ear receive the sound waves and relay them to the brain.
inpacted cerumen	Is an accumulation of cerumen that forms a solid mass adhering to the walls of the external auditory canal.
impacted	Means lodged or wedged firmly in place.
otalgia	Also known as an EARACHE, is pain in the ear.
otitis	Inflammation of the ear.
otitis externa	Is inflammation of the outer ear.
otomycosis	Also known as SWIMMERS EAR, is a fungal infection of the external auditory canal.
otopyorrhea	Is the flow of pus from the ear.
otorrhagia	Is bleeding from the ear.
eustachitis	Is an inflammation of the eustachian tube.
mastoiditis	Is an inflammation of any part of the mastoid process.
myringitis	Is an inflammation of the tympanic membrane.
otosclerosis	Is ankylosis of the bones of the middle ear resulting in a conductive hearing loss.
patulous eustachian tube	Is distention of the eustachian tube.
patulous	Means extended, spread wide open.
ankylosis	Means fused together.
acute otitis media(AOM)	Is an inflammation of the middle ear usually associated with an upper respiratory infection that is most commonly seen in young children.
serous otitis media(SOM)	Also known as OTITIS MEDIA WITH EFFUSION, is a fluid buildup in the middle ear that may follow acute otitis media or be caused by an obstruction of the eustachian tube.
effusion	Is the escape of fluid from blood or lymphatic vessels into the tissues or a cavity.
purulent otitis media	Is a buildup of pus within the middle ear.
labyrinthitis	Is an inflammtion of the labyrinth that may result in vertigo and deafness.
vertigo	Is a symptom of several conditions, is described as a sense of whirling, dizziness, and the loss of balance.
meniere's syndrome	Is a chronic disease of the inner ear characterized by three main symptoms: attacks of vertigo, a fluctuation hearing loss(one ear), and tinnitus.
tinnitus	Is a ringing, buzzing, or roaring sound in the ears.
deafness	Is the complete or partial loss of the ability to hear.
conductive hearing loss	Is one in which the outer or middle ear does not conduct sound vibrations to the inner ear normally.
noise-induced hearing loss	Is the result of the loss of sensitive hairlike cells of the inner ear.
sensorineural hearing loss	Also known as NERVE DEAFNESS, Is a symptom of problems affecting the inner ear.
presbycusis	Is a progressive hearing loss occuring in old age.
audiometry	Is the use of an audiometer to measure hearing.
audiometer	Is an electronic device that produces acoustic stimuli of a known frequency and intensity.
speech audiometry	Measures the threshold of speech reception(hearing speech sounds) and speech discrimination(understanding speech sounds).
evoked potential audiometer	Is an instrument that detects response to sound stimuli by changes in the electroencephalogram(record of brain wave activity).
tympanometry	Is the indirect measurement of acoustical energy absorbed or reflected by the middle ear.
monaural	Testing involves one ear.
binaural	Testing involves both ears.
otoplasty	Is the surgical repair of the pinna of the ear.
mastoidectomy	Is the surgical removal of mastoid cell.
myringectomy	Also known as a TYMPANECTOMY, is the surgical removal of all or part of the tympanic membrane.
myringotomy	Is the surgical incision of the eardrum to create an opening for the placement of tympanostomy tubes.
tympanocentesis	Also known as PEDIATRIC EAR TUBES, are tiny ventilationg tubes placed through the eardrum to provide ongoing drainage for fluids and to relieve pressure that can build up after ear infections.
tympanoplasty	Is the surgical correction of a damaged middle ear.
stapedectomy	Is the surgical removal of the stapes.
fenestration	Is a surgical procedure in which a new opening is made in the labyrinth of the inner ear to restore hearing.
labyrinthectomy	Is the surgical removal of the labyrinth.
labyrinthotomy	Is a surgical incision into the labyrinth.

Created by: caprinag1994

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