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mastering bio16,1720
auburn zhong biology
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| In a nucleotide, the nitrogenous base is attached to the sugar's _____ carbon and the phosphate group is attached to the sugar's _____ carbon. | 1' ... 5 |
| In the Hershey and Chase experiment that helped confirm that DNA, not protein, was the hereditary material, what was the key finding? | Radioactively labeled phosphorus was present inside the infected bacteria. |
| Which of the following can be determined directly from X-ray diffraction photographs of crystallized DNA? | diameter of a helix |
| The first step in the replication of DNA is catalyzed by _____. | helicase |
| The action of helicase creates _____. | replication forks and replication bubbles |
| The synthesis of a new strand begins with the synthesis of a(n) _____. | RNA primer complementary to a preexisting DNA strand |
| What catalyzes DNA synthesis? | dna polymerase |
| Which part of a deoxynucleoside triphosphate (dNTP) molecule provides the energy for DNA synthesis? | phosphate groups |
| What process repairs damage to a preexisting double helix? | nucleotide excision repair |
| Which enzyme catalyzes the elongation of a DNA strand in the 5' → 3' direction? | dna plymerase III |
| Eukaryotic telomeres replicate differently than the rest of the chromosome. This is a consequence of which of the following? | gaps left at the 5' end of the lagging strand |
| The DNA of telomeres has been found to be highly conserved throughout the evolution of eukaryotes. What does this most probably reflect? | that the critical function of telomeres must be maintained |
| Which of the following is true of DNA during interphase? | It exists as chromatin and is less condensed than mitotic chromosomes. |
| Polypeptides are assembled from _____. | amino acids |
| Transcription begins at a promoter. What is a promoter? | A site in DNA that recruits the RNA Polymerase |
| Which of the following statements best describes the promoter of a protein-coding gene? | The promoter is a nontranscribed region of a gene. |
| What happens to RNA polymerase II after it has completed transcription of a gene? | It is free to bind to another promoter and begin transcription. |
| Which of the following statements best describes the termination of transcription in prokaryotes? | RNA polymerase transcribes through the terminator sequence, causing the polymerase to separate from the DNA and release the transcript. |
| A part of the promoter, called the TATA box, is said to be highly conserved in evolution. Which of the following might this illustrate? | Any mutation in the sequence is selected against. |
| The RNA segments joined to one another by spliceosomes are _____. | exons |
| What is a ribozyme? | a biological catalyst made of RNA |
| Which of the following processes is an example of a post-translational modification? | phosphorylation |
| Which of the following steps occurs last in the initiation phase of translation? | the large ribosomal subunit joins the complex |
| What is meant by translocation? | The ribosome slides one codon down the mRNA. |
| True or false. A tRNA with an anticodon complementary to the stop codon catalyzes the reaction by which translation is terminated. | false |
| Which one of the following is true of tRNAs? | Each tRNA binds a particular amino acid. |
| A particular triplet of bases in the coding sequence of DNA is AAA. The anticodon on the tRNA that binds the mRNA codon is | UUU |
| Accuracy in the translation of mRNA into the primary structure of a polypeptide depends on specificity in the | bonding of the anticodon to the codon and the attachment of amino acids to tRNAs |
| There are 61 mRNA codons that specify an amino acid, but only 45 tRNAs. This is best explained by the fact that | the rules for base pairing between the third base of a codon and tRNA are flexible |
| When the ribosome reaches a stop codon on the mRNA, no corresponding tRNA enters the A site. If the translation reaction were to be experimentally stopped at this point, which of the following would you be able to isolate? | n assembled ribosome with a polypeptide attached to the tRNA in the P site |
| What type of bonding is responsible for maintaining the shape of the tRNA molecule? | hydrogen bonding between base pairs |
| A codon is a group of three bases that can specify more than one amino acid. | false |
| Which of the following statements about mutations is false? | A knock-out mutation results in a total absence of the mutated protein. |
| Which mutation(s) would not change the remainder of the reading frame of a gene sequence that follows the mutation(s)? | one addition and one deletion mutation |
| If a mutated DNA sequence produces a protein that differs in one central amino acid from the normal protein, which of the following kinds of mutations could have occurred? | an addition and deletion mutation |
| Which of the following DNA mutations is the most likely to be damaging to the protein it specifies? | base pair deletion |
| Generally speaking, which of the following mutations would most severely affect the protein coded for by a gene? | a frameshift deletion at the beginning of the gene |
| Of the following, which is the most current description of a gene? | a DNA sequence that is expressed to form a functional product: either RNA or polypeptide |
| The Taq enzyme is a type of DNA polymerase that allows researchers to separate the DNA strands during the annealing step of the PCR cycle without destroying the polymerase. | false |
| s derived from a species of bacteria living in hot springs, which makes it stable at the high temperature required for the denaturation step of PCR. | taq polymerase |
| During which step in the PCR cycle are nucleotides used | extension |
| During which step in the PCR cycle do primers form bonds with a single-stranded template? | annealing |
| Sequencing an entire genome, such as that of C. elegans, a nematode, is most important because | a sequence that is found to have a particular function in the nematode is likely to have a closely related function in vertebrates. |
| Why is it so important to be able to amplify DNA fragments when studying genes? | A gene may represent only a millionth of the cell's DNA. |
| Which of the following is most closely identical to the formation of twins? | organismal cloning |
| In 1997, Dolly the sheep was cloned. Which of the following processes was used? | fusion of an adult cell's nucleus with an enucleated sheep egg, followed by incubation in a surrogate |
| Which of the following is a concern expressed by opponents of the use of genetically modified (GM) food crops? | GM food crops might pass their new genes to close relatives in nearby wild areas. The protein products of transgenes in GM food crops might lead to allergic reactions in human consumers. |
Created by:
akting2001