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Chapter 5 and 6
Vocab Words
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Octet Rule | A concept of chemical bonding theory that is based on the assumption that atoms tend to have either empty valence shell of eight electrons |
| Ion | An atom, radical, or molecule that has gained or lost one or more electrons and has a negative or positve charge |
| Cation | An ion that has a positive charge |
| Anion | An ion that has a negative charge |
| Salt | An ionic compound that forms when a metal atom or a positive radical replaces the hydrogen of an acid |
| Lattice Energy | The energy associated with constructing a crystal lattice relative to the energy of all constituent atoms separated by infinate distances |
| Crystal Lattice | The regular pattern in which a crystal is arranged |
| Unit Cell | The smallest portion of a crystal lattice that shows the three-dimensional pattern of the entire lattice |
| Polyatomic Ion | An ion made of two or more atoms |
| Covalent Bond | A bond formed when atoms share one or more pairs of electrons |
| Molecular Orbital | The region of high probability that is occupied by an individual electron as it travels wth a wavelike motion in the three-dimentional space around one of two or more associated nuceli |
| Bond Length | The distance between two bonded atoms at their minimum potential energy; the average distance between the nuclei of two bonded atoms |
| Bond Energy | The energey required to break the bonds in 1 mol of a chemical compound |
| Nonpolar Covalent bond | A covalent bond in which the bonding electrons are equally attracted to both bonded atoms |
| Polar Covalent Bond | A covalent bond in which a shared pair of electrons is held more closely by one of the atoms |
| Dipole | A molecule or part of a molecule that contains both positively and negativly charged regions |
| Valence Electron | An electron that is found in the outermost shell of an atom and that determines the atoms chemical properties |
| Lewis Structure | A structural formula in which electrons are represented by dots; dot pairs or dashes detween two atomic symbols represent pairs in covalent bonds |
| Unshared Pairs | A nonbonding pair of electrons in the valence shell of an atom; also called the lone pair |
| Single Bond | A covalent bond in which two atoms share one pair of electrons |
| Double Bond | A covalent bond in which two atoms share two pairs of electrons |
| Triple Bond | A covalent bond in which two atoms share three pairs of electrons |
| Resonance Structure | in chemistry, any one of two or more possible confugratios of the same compound that have identical geometry but different arrangements of electrons |
| Valence Shell Electron Pair Repulsion (VSEPR) Theory | A thoeory that predicts some molecular shapes based on the idea that pairs of valence electrons surrounding and atom repel each other |
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