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SLPA Anatomy Exam 4
Articulation
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Name 3 primary functions | 1. mastication 2. degluttion 3. adjustment of the airway |
| What is mastication? | chewing |
| What is degluttion? | swallowing |
| Adjustment of the airway - ___ ___ | speech production |
| How is speech articulated? | Through alterations in the shape of the vocal tract |
| What is the vocal tract? | essentially a tube that extends from the glottis to the opening of the nose and mouth |
| What are articulators? | Structures used to alter the vocal tract shape |
| What is articulation? | the process of joining two elements together |
| What is articulation for speech? | the process of joining two ore more moveable speech structures together to form the sounds of speech |
| T or F: articulators can be mobile or immobile | true |
| What are the mobile articulators? | 1. tongue 2. lips 3. pharynx 4. mandible 5. velum |
| What are the immobile articulators? | 1. teeth 2. hard palate 3. alveolar ridge |
| What does the source-filter theory of vowel production describe? | how oral cavity shapes speech |
| What does the source-filter theory of vowel production state? | states that a voicing source is generated by vocal folds, routed through the vocal tract, and then shaped into sounds of speech |
| What does the vocal tract consist of? | 1. oral cavity 2. pharynx 3. nasal cavity |
| Vocal tract - visualization of the oral, nasal, and pharyngeal cavities as the series of ___ ___ | linked tubes |
| What does the linked tubage provide? | the variable resonating cavity that produces sound |
| What is included in the oral cavity? | 1. hard palate 2. soft palate 3. faucial pillars 4. buccal cavity |
| What is the most significant cavity of the speech system? | oral cavity |
| Which cavity undergoes the most change during speech production? | oral cavity |
| The oral cavity's shape can be altered by the movement of the __ and __ | tongue & mandible |
| The oral cavity extends from the ___ in front to the ___ ___ in back | mouth in front; faucial pillars in back |
| The __ ___ is strongly involved in articulation | oral opening |
| What is the importance of the oral opening in the oral cavity? | It is the point of exit for all orally emitted phonemes |
| What is the hard palate? | hard roof of the mouth |
| What are the lateral prominent ridges of the hard palate? | rugae |
| What is the median raphe of the hard palate? | it divides the hard palate into equal halves |
| What is the soft palate? | the soft portion of the palate |
| What is the uvula of the soft palate? | terminus of the velum; moveable muscle muscle mass seperating the oral and nasal cavities |
| What are faucial pillars? | prominent bands of tissue on either side of the soft palate |
| There are __ and __ faucial pillars | anterior & posterior |
| ___ ___: lie in between the anterior & posterior faucial pillars | palatine tonsils |
| What is the function of faucial pillars? | mark the posterior margins of the oral cavity |
| What makes up the lateral margins of the oral cavity? | teeth & alveolar ridge |
| The ___ occupies most of the lower mouth | tongue |
| What is the buccal cavity? | plays a role in oral resonance when the mandible is depressed to expose it |
| The ___ cavity plays a role in oral resonance when the ___ is depressed to expose it | buccal; mandible |
| The buccal cavity plays a role in __ ___ when the mandible is ___ to expose it | oral resonance; depressed |
| The buccal cavity lies lateral to the ___ cavity | oral |
| The buccal cavity lies ___ to the oral cavity | lateral |
| What is the buccal cavity composed of? | the space between the posterior teeth and the cheeks |
| What is the buccal cavity bound by? | 1. cheeks laterally 2. lips anteriorly 3. teeth medially |
| What are the 3 components of the pharyngeal cavity? | 1. laryngopharynx 2. oropharynx 3. nasopharynx |
| The pharyngeal cavity or pharynx is a tube approximately __ cm in length | 12 |
| The pharyngeal cavity extends from the __ __ to the region behind the ___ cavities | vocal folds; nasal cavity |
| What is the inferior border of the pharyngeal cavity? | vocal folds |
| What is the superior border of the pharyngeal cavity? | the nasal cavity |
| The pharyngeal cavity tube is lined with ___ | muscle |
| What does the muscle that lines the p. cavity do? | it is capable of constricting the size of the tube |
| The musculature of the p. cavity plays an important role in what? | affecting closure of the velopharyngeal port |
| What is the velopharyngeal port? | the opening between the oropharynx and nasopharynx |
| What is the portion of the pharynx immediately posterior to the fauces? | oropharynx |
| What is the superior border of the oropharynx? | velum |
| What is the inferior border of the oropharynx? | hyoid bone |
| What is the anterior border of the laryngopharynx? | epiglottis |
| what is the inferior border of the laryngopharynx? | esophagus |
| What is the nasopharynx? | the space above the soft palate |
| The nasopharynx houses the ___ | adenoids |
| What are the 3 components of the nasal cavity? | 1. nares 2. choanare 3. septum |
| What bones produce the nasal cavity? | 1. paired maxillae bones 2. palatine bones 3. nasal bones |
| What divides the nasal cavity? | the nasal septum |
| What makes up the nasal septum? | 1. vomer bone 2. perpendicular plates of the ethmoid bone 2. cartilaginous septum |
| What is the nasal cavity made up of? | mucous membranes & secreting epithelia |
| Air entering the nasal cavity is warmed and filtered by the __ __ | nasal hairs |
| What is another name for nares? | nostrils |
| What do the nares or nostrils do? | mark the anterior boundaries of the nasal cavitites |
| What is the nasal choanae? | posterior portals connecting the nasopharynx and nasal cavities |
| the nasal choanae connects the __ and ___ cavities | nasopharynx & nasal |
| What is the floor of the nasal cavity? | the hard palate of the oral cavity (palatine processes) |
| Name the bones of the face | 1. mandible 2. maxillae 3. nasal bone 4. palatine bone & nasal choncae 5. lacrimal bones 6. vomer 7. zygomatic bone 8. hyoid bone |
| What is another name for the mandible? | lower jaw |
| Name major landmarks of the OUTER surface of the mandible | 1. mental symphysis 2. mental protuberance 3. mental foramen 4. corpus 5. angle 6. ramus 7. condylar process 8. coronoid process (head) 9.mandibular notch |
| What are the major landmarks of the INNER surface of the mandible? | 1. mandibular foramen 2. superior & inferior spines and myohyoid line |
| The mandibular foramen is the opening for the ___ ___ nerve of the __ ___ nerve | inferior alveolar nerve; v trigeminal nerve |
| What is the function of the mandibular foramen (inferior alvelor & v trigeminal nerves) | provides sensory innervations for teeth and gums |
| What are the points of muscle attachment of the inner surface of the mandible? | 1. superior & inferior spines 2. myohyoid line |
| What is the maxilla? | paired bone making up upper jaw |
| The ___ makes up most of the roof of the mouth (hard palate) | maxilla |
| What are the major landmarks of the FRONTAL view of the maxilla? | 1. frontal process 2. orbital process 3. zygomatic process 4. anterior nasal spine 5. nasal crest 6. alveolar process |
| What are the major landmarks of the MEDIAL view of the maxilla? | 1. maxillary sinus 2. palatine process 3. intermaxillary suture 4. incisive foramen 5. premaxillary suture 6. premaxilla |
| What is the intermaxillary suture? | articulation of 2 palatine processes |
| The ____ ____ marks the point of cleft of the hard palate | intermaxillary suture |
| The intermaxillary suture makes up ___ of the hard palate | 3/4 |
| What is the incisive foramen? | passageway for nasopalatine nerve |
| What is the premaxillary suture? | separates lateral incisors & cuspids |
| What is the premaxilla? | anterior of alveolar ridge |
| __ bones make up the superior nasal surface | nasal bones |
| What do the nasal bones articulate with superiorly? | frontal bon |
| What do the nasal bones articulate with laterally? | maxillae |
| Nasal bones articulate with the perpendicular plate of the __ bone and ___ ___ cartilage | ethmoid; nasal septal cartilage |
| The ___ bones constitute a small portion of lateral nasal wall and medial orbit | lacrimal |
| the lacrimal bones constitute a small portion of ___ ___ wall and __ __ | lateral nasal wall & medial orbit |
| The palatine bone and nasal conchae make up ___ of the hard palate | 1/4 |
| What makes up the palatine bones and nasal conchae? | 1. perpendicular plate 2. horizontal plate 3. posterior nasal spine & nasal crest |
| What is the perpendicular plate? | posterior wall of nasal cavity |
| What is the horizontal plate? | parallel to the palatine process of the maxilla |
| The horizontal plate is parallel to the ___ process of the ___ | palatine; maxilla |
| Posterior nasal spine & nasal crest: ? | midline correlates with to the anterior nasal spine & nasal crest of the maxillae |
| What is the inferior nasal conchae? | small, scroll-like bones located on lateral surface of the nasal crest |
| What does the inferior nasal conchae articulate with? | maxilla, palatine, ethmoid bones |
| Middle and superior nasal conchae: processes of the ___ bone, superior correlate to the ___ __ | ethomid; inferior choncae |
| What is important for warming and moistening air before entering lungs? | middle & superior nasal conchae |
| What is the vomer? | unpaired, midline bone making up inferior and posterior nasal septum |
| What is the posterior ala (vomer) | the midline terminus of the nasal cavities |
| ___ bones = cheekbones | zygomatic |
| What does the zygomatic bone articulate wiht? | 1. maxillae 2. frontal bone 3. temporal bone |
| What makes up the lateral orbit? | maxillae, frontal bone, temporal bone |
| ___ process: articulation of maxilla and zygomatic bone | maxillary process |
| ___ process: projects back forming half of the zygomatic arch | temporal process |
| ___ process: articulation of the frontal and sphenoid bones | frontal process |
| Name the cranial bones (6) | 1. ethmoid 2. sphenoid 3. frontal 4. parietal 5. occipital 6. temporal |
| The ethmoid is present in __, __, and __ spaces | cranial, nasal, orbital |
| What is the core cranial bone? | ethmoid bone |
| What does the ethmoid bone form the framework for? | nose & 2 eye orbits |
| What are the 4 parts of the ethmoid bone? | 1. horizontal plate 2. perpendicular plate 3. 2 lateral labyrinths |
| What is another name for the horizontal plate of the ethmoid bone? | cristi galli |
| 2 lateral labyrinths of ethmoid bone: ____ plates | cribiform |
| What is the cristi galli? | perforated passage for the nerve fibers of olfaction |
| The cristi galli protrude into __ ___ | nasal passageways |
| The ____ plate of the ethmoid bone forms the superior nasal septum | perpendicular plate |
| What do the lateral labyrinths of the ethmoid bone do? | separate nasal and cranial cavities |
| The sphenoid bone is immediately posterior to the __ and __ bones | ethmoid & frontal |
| What does the sphenoid bone consist of? | corpus & 3 pairs of processes |
| What are the 3 processes that make up the sphenoid bone? | 1. greater wings 2. lesser wings 3. pterygoid |
| Is the frontal bone paired on unpaired? | unpaired |
| The ___ bone makes up the bony forehead | frontal bone |
| anterior cranial case & supraorbital region : ___ bone | frontal |
| What are the major landmarks of the frontal bone? | 1. cranial suture 2. zygomatic process |
| What is the cranial suture? | point of articulation of frontal and parietal bones |
| The zygomatic process articulates with the ___ bones | zygomatic |
| Are the parietal bones paired or unpaired? | paired |
| The parietal bones overlie the ___ lobes of the brain | parietal |
| What does the parietal bone form? | middle portion of braincase |
| The parietal bone is joined at midline by the ____ suture | saggital |
| The saggital suture runs from the __ bone to ___ bone | frontal to occipital |
| What are the landmarks of the parietal bone? | 1. saggital suture 2. lambodial suture 3. squasmosal suture |
| ___ suture: bifurcated division of the occipital & parietal bones | lambodial suture |
| What are wormian bones? | small irregular bones that may be formed by the lambodial suture |
| __ suture: lateral union of the parietal and temporal bone | squasmosal |
| Is the occipital bone paired on unpaired? | paired |
| The occipital bone overlies the ___ lobe and makes up the ___ portion of the braincase | occipital; posterior |
| What 3 bones does the occipital bone articulate with? | parietal, temporal, and sphenoid bones |
| What are the landmarks of the occipital bone? | 1. external occipital protuberance 2. foramen magnum |
| What is the external occipital protuberance? | midline prominence visible from behind |
| inferiorly forms base of skull = | external occipital protuberance (occipital bone) |
| What is the foramen magnum? | passageway for spinal cord |
| Which bone is important for speech and audiology? | temporal bone |
| The temporal bone is separated from the parietal bone by ____ suture | squamosal suture |
| the temporal bone is separated from the occipital bone by _____ suture | occipitomastoid suture |
| What are the 4 segments of the temporal bone? | 1. squamous portion 2. tympanic portion 3. mastoid portion 4. petrous portion |
| __ portion: fan shaped and thin | squamous |
| The lower portion of the squamous portion includes the roof of the __ __ __ | external auditory meatus |
| What is the external auditory meatus? | passageway for sound to the middle ear |
| Name landmarks of squamous portion | 1. zygomatic process 2. madibular fossa |
| ___ ___: anteriorly directed bone of squamous portion of temporal bone | zygomatic process |
| Mandibular fossa articulates with the ___ process of ___ to form the ___ joint | condyloid; mandible; temporomandibular |
| The ___ portion of the temporal bone forms the __ and __ walls of of external auditory meatus | tympanic; anterior & inferior |
| ___ process of the tympanic portion of the temporal bone = protrudes beneath the external auditory meatus | styloid process |
| What is the posterior portion of the temporal bone? | mastoid portion |
| What process arises from the mastoid portion of the temporal bone? | mastoid process |
| What does the petrous portion include? | cochlea & semicircular canals |
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