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SLPA Anatomy Exam 4
Dentition
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Why is dentition vital components of the speech mechanism? | 1. mastication 2. articulatory surfaces of speech sounds |
| Where is dentition housed? | Within the alveoli of the maxilla and mandible |
| The dental arch consists of __ and __ arch and __ and __ sides | upper & lower; left & right |
| T or F: The left & right sides of the dental arch contain the same number of teeth | true |
| Within the dental arch, there are ___ on top and bottom and ___ on each side | 16; 8 |
| What are the 4 types of teeth? | 1. incisors 2. cuspids 3. bicuspids 4. molars |
| Teeth in the upper arch are ___ than teeth in the lower arch | larger |
| The upper arch typically ___ the lower arch in front | overlaps |
| What are the parts of the tooth? | 1. root 2. crown 3. neck 4. enamel 5. pulp 6. cementum |
| Where is the root of the tooth? | Hidden in the gumline |
| What is the crown of the tooth? | Visible 1/3 of the tooth; the exposed part of the tooth, connected to the root by the neck |
| What is the neck of the tooth? | The juncture of the crown and root |
| The crown is the visible __ of the tooth | 1/3 |
| The neck is the juncture of the __ and __ of the tooth | crown and root |
| What is the enamel of the tooth? | it composes the crown surface of the tooth |
| What is the pulp of the tooth? | it is heart of the tooth - it holds the nerve supplying the tooth |
| What is the cementum of the tooth? | it holds the tooth in its socket |
| How many incisors do we have? | 8 |
| Incisors are designed for ___ | cutting |
| Lower incisors are ___ than upper incisors | smaller |
| How many cuspids do we have? | 4 |
| What is another name for the cuspids? | Eye tooth |
| What is a cusp? | A single point |
| Cuspids are used for ___ | tearing |
| How many bicuspids do we have? | 8 |
| Bicuspids are also called ___ | pre-molars |
| Bicuspids have __ cusps | 2 |
| Bicuspids are used for ___ | tearing |
| Bicuspids are absent where? | In the deciduous dental arch |
| ___ are absent in the deciduous dental arch | bicuspids |
| How many molars do we have? | 12 |
| What are the types of molars? | 1. 1st molar (4) 2. 2nd molar (4) 3. 3rd molar (4) |
| What is the largest molar? | The 1st molar |
| How many cusps does the 1st molar have? | 3 |
| What is another name for the 3rd molar? | wisdom teeth |
| How many cusps do the 3rd molars have? | 3-4 |
| The molars are used for ___ | grinding |
| What is the center of the dental arch? | The point between the 2 central incisors, in front |
| What are the 5 surfaces of the teeth? | 1. Medial 2. Distal 3. Buccal 4. Lingual 5. Occlusal |
| What is the medial surface? | movement along the arch toward the midline |
| What is the dorsal surface? | Movement along the arch directed away from the midline |
| What is the buccal surface? | The surface of the tooth that could come in contact with the buccal (cheek) wall |
| What is the lingual surface? | related to the tongue |
| What is the occlusal surface? | The contact surface between teeth of the upper and lower arches |
| The thickest ___ overlies the occlusal surface | enamel |
| The thickest enamel overlies the ___ surface | occlusal |
| What surface receives the most abrasian? | The occlusal surface |
| What is another name for deciduous teeth? | Milk teeth |
| What age to deciduous teeth begin erupting | 5 months |
| Deciduous teeth start pushing through the bone at around __ to __ months of age | 6 to 9 |
| Deciduous teeth are ___ than adult teeth and are fewer in number | smaller |
| What is the correct term for baby teeth? | deciduous teeth |
| Deciduous teeth are replaced by ___ teeth that should last a ____ | permanent; lifetime |
| List the permanent teeth | 1. central incisors 2. first molars 3. second molars |
| Which teeth emerge first? | central incisors |
| What teeth emerge second? | lateral incisors |
| The first molars emerge at the same time as the ___ | cuspids |
| At what age do the first molars and cuspids emerge? | 15 to 20 months |
| When do the second molars emerge? | at the time of a child's second birthday |
| dental occlusion | the positioning of the upper teeth relative to the lower teeth as well as the position of upper relative to the lower dental arches. |
| normal occlusion is essential for ___ | mastication |
| List the 4 types of dental occlusion | 1. Class I (neutrocclusion) 2. Class II (distocclusion) 3. Class III (mesiocclusion) |
| Individual teeth may be ___ | misaligned |
| List the conditions of the teeth | 1. torsiversion 2. labioversion 3. linguaversion 4. distoversion 5. mesioversion |
| Misaligned teeth includes __ and __ teeth | infraverted & supraverted |
| What is the tongue? | A massive structure occupying the floor of the mouth |
| The tongue is divided longitudinally by the ___ __ __ | median fibrous septum |
| Where does the median fibrous septum originate and course? | Origin: body of hyoid bone Course: the length of the tongue |
| What are the 5 regions of the tongue? | 1. dorsum 2. tip (apex) 3. base 4. oral (palatine) surface 5. pharyngeal surface |
| What is the superior surface of the tongue? | The dorsum |
| What is the tip or apex of the tongue? | the anterior-most portion |
| What is the base of the tongue? | The portion of the tongue that resides in the oropharynx |
| The base of the tongue resides in the ____ | oropharynx |
| What is the oral or palatine surface of the tongue? | The portion within the oral cavity |
| The oral or palatine surface makes up ___ of the tongue surface | 2/3 |
| What is the pharyngeal surface? | 1/3 of tongue surface that lies within the oropharynx |
| What are the landmarks of the mucus membrane covering the tongue dorsum? | 1. median sulcus 2. lingual papillae 3. terminal sulcus |
| Median sulcus : ____ ____ | prominent central |
| What does the median sulcus do? | Divide the tongue into left and right sides |
| What is the lingual papillae? | Small, irregular prominences on the surface of the tongue |
| What is the terminal sulcus? | Posterior palatine surface |
| What is on the terminal sulcus (____ ___ : center groove) | foramen cecum |
| Where are the lingual tonsils? | They lie beneath the pharyngeal surface |
| What are the lingual tonsils made of? | groups of lymphoid tissue |
| What are taste buds? | They convey the gustatory sense |
| Anterior taste buds: ___ and ___ | sweet & sour |
| side taste buds: ____ | sour |
| posterior taste buds: ____ | bitter |
| Where are taste buds (sensors) found? | within the papillae on the tongue |
| Inferior surface of the tongue = rich ___ supply | vascular |
| What is on the inferior surface of the tongue? | 1. lingua frenulum 2. sublingual folds |
| What is the lingua frenulum? | prominent band of tissue running from the inner mandible to the underside of the tongue |
| ___ ___ joins the inferior tongue and mandible | lingua frenulum |
| What are the sublingual folds? | transverse bands of tissue on either side of the tongue |
| Sublingual folds are ducts for what? | the sublingual salivary glands |
| there are ___ teeth in adults and ___ teeth in children arrayed evenly in both jaws | 32;20 |
| teeth are important for: | 1. cutting and chewing food 2. cosmetic 3. speech production |
| ____ and _____ are designed for cutting | incisors and bicuspids |
| ______ are canine or "eye teeth" designed for tearing | cuspids |
| ____ are designed for grinding and pulverizing | molars |
| _____ isimproper relationship between the upper and lower dental arches and between the individual teeth located in the upper and lower jaws. | malocclusion |
| Class I (neutrocclusion) | the normal positioning of the upper teeth to the lower teeth |
| Class I: The first permanent molar in the upper jaw is located one half-tooth ____ the first permanent molar of the lower jaw. | behind |
| Class I: The upper arch proceeds the lower arch in such a way that the upper incisors ____ the lower incisors that you can only see a small portion of the lower ones | overlap |
| class II (distocclusion) | abnormal occlusion |
| Class II:The first molar of the lower jaw is retracted about ____ tooth behind the first maxillary molar | one |
| Class II: The upper jaw is protruded and mandible is retracted | overjet position |
| Class III (mesiocclusion) | abnormal occlusion |
| Class III: The first mandibular molar is anterior to the maxillary first molar by ____ than one tooth | more |
| _____ and ____ can occur in Class I with normal molar position | overjet and overbite |
| proper occlusion | needed for mastication |
| class I occlusion | normal orientation of mandible and maxillae |
| class I malocclusion | normal orientation of molars; abnormal orientation of incisors |
| conditions of teeth include: | torsiversion, labioversion, linguaversion, distoversion, and mesioversion |
| teeth can be ____ and ____ | infraverted and supraverted |
| the ____ ____ forms the roof of the oral cavity and the floor of the nasal cavity | hard palate |
| the hard palate is ____ or arched from side to side and from anterior to posterior forming the vault of the oral cavity | concave |
| the anterior ___ of the hard palate is formed by the palatine process of the maxilla. | 3/4 |
| the hard palate carries the alveoli,in which the upper teeth are embedded and it is called the _____ _____ | alveolar ridge |
| The ____ processes are connected in the midline by the intermaxillary suture. | palatine |
| The posterior ____ is a part of the palatine bone, which articulates with the palatine process of the maxilla by the transverse palatine suture. | 1/4 |
| Role of ____ palate in speech production is important | hard |
| Many speech sounds are produced by contracting the ____ to the ____ ____, including /t/, /d/, /s/, /z/, /l/, and /n/. | tongue; alveolar ridge |
| The posterior part of the palate provides an ____ point to which the tongue contacts to produce some speech sounds (/∫/, /3/, and /r/). | immovable |
| The ___ palate contains no bone and it is made of muscles, connective tissues, muscle tendons and the aponeurosis and blood vessels, which together form the velum | soft |
| the soft palate is attached to the hard palate by the ______ | aponeurosis |
| the _______ gives attachment to many muscles of the velum and carries the nerve and blood supplies. | aponeurosis |
| the soft palate is a movable structure because of its ______ | musculature |
| Moving of the velum controls the degree of _____ of speech sounds | nasality |
| the soft palate plays important roles in ____ and ____ _____ | swallowing and speech production |
| During ____, the velum forms the velopharynegeal passage which allows passage of air and sound waves between the nasal cavity above and oral cavity and pharynx below, causing coupling between the nasal cavity and the oral cavity. | rest |
| the _____ prevents food from getting into the nasal cavity by closing the velopharyngeal passage | velum |
| Nasal sounds which include /m/, /n/, /η/, are produced by escaping the air through the nasal cavity when the velopharyngeal passage is ____ | open |
| if Oral sounds are forced to pass through the nasal cavity will results in _____ | hypernasality |
| ______ of the soft palate is achieved by the contraction of the tensor veli palatini muscle and levator veli palatini muscle | elevation |
| muscles of the soft palate (velum) | tensor veli palatini anterior muscle, levator veli palatini, uvular muscle, palatoglossus, and palatopharyngeous |
| the tensor veli palatini anterior muscle alone, tenses and lowers the _____ | palate |
| the tensor veli palatini anterior muscle tenses during ____ of palate (with other muscles) | raising |
| the tensor veli palatini anterior muscle pulls the Eustachian tube to _____ pressure between middle ear and outside ear | equalize |
| the levitator veli palatini forms muscular sling for ____ _____ | soft palate |
| the levator veli palatini contracts along with the tensor veli palatini to ____ the velum backwards into contact with posterior pharyngeal wall | raise |
| the uvular muscle ____ and ____ the soft palate | lifts and shortens |
| the uvular muscle is important in articulation in some _____ | languages |
| the palatoglossus ____ the soft palate and restricts back of oral cavity as in gargle | depresses |
| the palatoglossus elevates the _____ | tongue |
| the _____ directs the bolus of food down into lower pharynx | palatopharngeous |
| two main types of salivary glands | intrinsic and extrinsic |
| intrinsic salivary glands are distributed all over the mucous membranes of the ____, ____, _____, and lining of ____ | tongue; palate; lips; cheek |
| extrinsic salivary glands secrete more saliva when ____ | eating |
| extrinsic salivary glands | parotid, submandibular, and sublingual |
| the pharynx is _____-shaped | funnel |
| How long and wide is the pharynx | 12 cm length 4 cm width (upper) 2.5 cm width (lower) |
| the pharynx connects the ___ and ___ cavities | nasal and oral |
| 3 sections of the pharynx | nasopharynx, oropharynx, and laryngopharynx |
| the nasopharynx is located superior to the point where food enters, starting from the ____ of the skull | base |
| nasopharynx allows passage of ____ only | air |
| the nasopharynx closes during swallowing to prevent passing of ____ to the nasal cavity | food |
| the _____ contains the opening to the auditory tube (Eustachian tube) | nasopharynx |
| the oropharynx has an arch-like entrance forming the facuces and extends from the _____ to the ____ | soft palate to the epiglottis |
| the oropharynx is lined by _____ _____ _____ | stratified squamous epithelium |
| the oropharynx is part of the _____ system | digestive |
| 2 types of tonsils | palatine and lingual |
| the ____ tonsils are in the palatine fossae on both sides of the fauces between the anterior and posterior pillar | palatine |
| the ____ tonsils cover the posterior surface of the tongue | lingual |
| the laryngopharynx allows passage of ____ and ____ | food and air |
| the laryngopharynx is connected to the ____ and the _____ | pharynx and esophagus |
| the laryngopharynx is important in developing speech in case of esophageal speech after ____ | laryngoctomy |
| pharyngeal muscles | pharyngeal constrictors, stylopharyngeus, and salpingopharyngeus |
| the ______ _____ form the main part of the pharynx | pharyngeal constrictors |
| the ____ helps in opening the pharynx | stylopharyngeus |
| the ______ helps in opening the Eustachian tube | salpingopharyngeus |
| fan shaped and the largest and strongest constrictor of the pharynx | inferior constrictor |
| the inferior constrictor originates from the sides of the ___ and ___ cartilages | thyroid and cricoid |
| the ____ constrictor originated from the greater and lesser horns of the hyoid bone and the stylohyoid ligament | middle |
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