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sociology ch 9&10
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| describes a condition in which members of society have differing amounts of wealth, prestige, or power | social inequality |
| a structured ranking of entire groups of people that perpetuates unequal economic rewards and power in a society | stratification |
| salaries and wages | income |
| term encompassing all a person's material assets, including land, stocks, and other types of property | wealth |
| social position assigned to a person by society without regard for the person's unique talents or characteristics | ascribed status |
| is a social position that a person attains largely through his or her own efforts | achieved status |
| the most extreme form of legalized social inequality for individuals and groups | slavery |
| hereditary ranks that are usually religiously dictated and that tend to be fixed and immobile. | castes |
| feudalism, required peasants to work land leased to them by nobles in exchange for military protection and other services | estate system |
| an economic system in which the means of production are held largely in private hands and the main incentive for economic activity is the accumulative of profits | capitalism |
| capitalist class, owns the means of production, such as factories and machinery | bourgeoisie |
| the working class | proletariat |
| attitude held by members of a class that does not accurately reflect their objective position | false accusation |
| refers to a group of people who have similar level of wealth and income | class |
| refer to people who have the same prestige or lifestyle | status group |
| the ability to exercise one's will over others | power |
| describes a set of cultural beliefs and practices that helps to maintain powerful social, economic, and political interests. | dominant ideology |
| a measure of social class that is based on income, education, and occupation | socioeconomic status |
| refers to a minimum level of subsistence that no family should be expected to live below | absolute poverty |
| a floating standard of deprivation by which people at the bottom of a society, whatever their lifestyles, are judged to be disadvantaged in comparison with the nation as a whole | relative poverty |
| female householders accounted for 26 percent of nation's poor; by 2007, that figure had risen to 53 percent | feminization of poverty |
| describes the long-term poor who lack training and skills | underclass |
| opportunities to provide themselves with material goods, positive living conditions, and favorable life experiences | life chances |
| the poor, minorities, and those who live in rural communities and inner cities are not getting connected at home or at work | digital divide |
| The movement of individuals or groups from one position in a society's stratification system to another | social mobility |
| implies that the position of each individual is influenced by his or her achieved status | open system |
| Each occupation has the same prestige ranking | horizontal mobility |
| If they change rankings | vertical mobility |
| changes in the social position of children relative to their parents | Intergenerational mobility |
| involves changes in social position within a person's adult life | Intragenerational mobility |
| In Karl Marx's view, a subjective awareness held by members of a class regarding their common vested interests and need for collective political action to bring about social change | Class consciousness |
| a social ranking based primarily on economic position in which achieved characteristics can influence social mobility | class system |
| tax breaks, direct payments, and grants that the government makes to corporations | corporate welfare |
| Karl Marx's term for the working class in a capitalist society | Proletariat |
| the area of common culture along the border between Mexico and the United States | borderlands |
| the maintenance of political, social, economic, and cultural domination over a people by a foreign power for an extended period | colonization |
| an approach that contends the industrialized nations continue to exploit developing countries for their own gain | dependency theory |
| the worldwide integration of government policies, cultures, social movements, and financial markets through trade and the exchange of ideas | globalization |
| the value of a nation's goods and service | gross national product |
| universal moral rights possessed by all people because they are human | human rights |
| the far-reaching process by which periphery nations move from traditional or less developed institutions to those characteristics of more developed societies | modernization |
| a functionalist approach that proposes that modernization and development will gradually improve the lives of people in developing nations | modernization theory |
| a commercial organization that is headquartered in one country but does business throughout the world | multinational corporation |
| continuing dependence of former colonies on foreign countries | remittances |
| a view of the global economic system as one divided between certain industrialized nations that control wealth and developing countries that are controlled and exploited | world systems analysis |
Created by:
jrae0903