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Knee Complex

QuestionAnswer
What are the three joints of the knee? 1. tibiofemoral 2. patellofemoral 3. proximal tibiofibular joint
What is the extra bone found in the posterior knee called? fabella
The tibiofemoral joint is classified as what type of joint? modified hinge joint
What is the loose packed position of the tibiofemoral joint? 25 degrees flexion
What is the closed packed position of the tibiofemoral joint? full extension with lateral rotation of tibia
What is the capsular pattern of the knee? flexion > extension
The patellofemoral joint is classified as what type of joint? modified plane joint
what is the loose packed position of the patellofemoral joint? full extension
what is the closed packed position of the patellofemoral j oint? 90 degrees flexion
What type of bone is the patella? sesamoid
What is the largest sesamoid bone in the body? patella
Cartilage on the _________ surface of the patella is the thickest hyaline cartilage in the body? posterior medial
What are the five facets of the patella? 1. superior 2. inferior 3. medial 4. lateral 5. odd
At what degree does the superior facet have the most contact? 90
At what degree does the inferior facet have the most contact? 20
at what degree does the medial and lateral facets have the most contact? 135
What border of the patella is the odd facet located on? posterior medial
A normal knee is in slight _________? valgus
What are the 4 restraints for a lateral glide of the patella? 1. medial patellofemoral ligament (60%) 2. lateral femoral condyle 3. medial retinaculum 4. medial VMO
What are some factors that affect patellar alignment? 1. tight lateral structures 2. tight gastroc/soleus 3. patella alta 4. excessive ankle pronation 5. femoral anteversion 6. VMO insufficiency 7. Increased Q angle
A greater Q angle shifts the patella in what direction? laterally
What is the optimal ratio between the length of the patellar tendon and the length of the patella? 1:1
What is it called when the patellar tendon is lengthened? patella alta
What is it called when the patellar tendon is shortened? patella baja (patella rides low)
Patella alta may be present with a second "hump", = infrapatellar fat pad. This is known as? camel sign
At 120-130 degrees of flexion the patella is drawn _________? medially
At what degrees of flexion is the patella drawn laterally? 0-30 degrees
What type of joint is the proximal tibiofibular joint? plane synovial joint
The proximal tibiofibular joint is supported by what two ligaments? 1. anterior tibiofibular ligament 2. posterior tibiofibular ligament
The fibula can bear up to ______ body weight. 1/6
The synovial lining attaches to the periphery of the patella and the edges of the mesnisci? T/F? true
**The cruciate ligaments are _______________ and ______________ due to the posterior invagination of the synovial membrane? ** intra-articular , extra-synovial
What is the function of the synovial lining? to secrete and absorb synovial fluid into the joint for lubrication, as well as provide nutrition to avascular structures (i.e. menisci)
What are the four commonly inflamed bursa in the knee? 1. prepatellar 2. infrapatellar 3. suprapatellar 4. pes anserine bursae
Inflammation to what bursa usually is due to direct trauma? 1. prepatellar 2. infrapatellar 3. suprapatellar
Inflammation to what bursa is usually due to repetitive mechanical trauma (excessive running w/ incorrect form)? pes anserine bursa
What are a remnant of the three separate cavities in the synovial mesenchyme of the developing knee? plica
_______ is a fibrous piece of tissue not found in all individuals at the knee? plica
What mensicus is larger and thicker? medial meniscus
The medial mensicus is thicker and wider on the anterior or posterior side? posterior
What is the function of the meniscus? help guide motion, help with joint congruency
Which menicus is injured most and more susceptible to tearing? medial meniscus
Which meniscus is in the shape of a semi-circle? medial meniscus
Which mensicus is more round? lateral meniscus
Which meniscus is smaller and thinner? lateral meniscus
Which meniscus is more mobile? lateral meniscus
Which mensicus is found to have fewer tears? lateral meniscus
What test would you perform to test the MCL? valgus test
What ligament is the primary restraint to excessive abduction and lateral rotation? MCL
The MCL has the most restraint against abduction in ________ degrees of flexion 30 degrees
In the MCL all fibers are taught in ________? extension
In the MCL, the anterior fibers are most taut (and most easily palpated) in __________? flexion
In ___________ the posterior fibers of the MCL are most taught? mid-range
The LCL attaches to the _____________ and inserts on the ___________. lateral femoral condyle, fibular head
What test would you use to test the LCL? varus test
The ACL attaches on the ______ tibia and extends superiorly, posteriorly and laterally to the ______________. anterior tibia, lateral femoral condyle
What is the primary restraint to anterior translation of the tibia on the femur and lateral rotation of the tibia in flexion? ACL.
What ligament is the secondary restraint to both varus and valgus stress and hyperextension? ACL
What are the two most common mechanisms of injury for the ACL? 1. foot planted and femur vigorously externally rotates often in conjunction with a valgus force 2. hyperextension with foot planted
The PCL attaches to the __________ tibia and extends ___________, ___________ and ______________ to the medial femoral condyle. posterior, (superiorly, anteriorly and medially)
Which is thicker and has twice the tensile strength of the other (PCL or ACL)? PCL
A dashboard injury could cause an ACL or PCL injury?? PCL
At what joint does genu varum and genu valgum occur? tibiofemoral joint
"bow legged" = genu _______ varum
An increased compression force at the medial knee and increased distraction force at the lateral knee describes? genu varum"
"knocked kneed" = genu _______ valgus
increased compression forces at the lateral knee and increased distraction forces at the medial knee describes? genu valgum
Little kids are generally born with genu _______? varum
Hyperextension at the knee is also called? genu recurvatum
The JRF runs _________ to the knee and ankle in genu recurvatum? posterior
A possible compensation of genu recurvatum is an __________ pelvic tilt. anterior
M or F = wider pelvis female
M or F = femoral anteversion female
M or F = genu valgum female
M or F = increased flexibility female
M or F = lateral tibial torsion female
M or F = narrow patellar notch female
M or F = large muscle mass male
M or F = genu varum male
M or F - medial tibial torsion male
M or F = wider patellar notch male
Miserable Malalignment includes? 1. increased femoral anteversion 2. genu valgum 3. VMO dysfunction 4. lateral tibial torsion 5. excess pronation 6. can lead to patellofemoral problems
Arthrokinematics for closed chain extension at the knee? femur rolls anterior and glides posterior
What is the only osteokinematic movement accompanying knee extension? rotation (screw home mechanism)
Knee extension ROM? 0-5 degrees
When the knee extends the tibia _________ rotates and the femur ___________ rotates. externally, internally
What is the degree ROM of hyperextension? 0-15
During hyperextension the femur does not roll anteriorly, but tilts forward instead. T/F? true
When the knee is in full extension, what muscle unlocks the joint to allow it to return to flexion? popliteus
When the knee flexes the tibia ___________ rotates? internally
Arthrokinematics of closed chain knee flexion? femur rolls posteriorly and glides anteriorly
ROM knee flexion? 0-160
Arthrokinematics of open chain knee flexion? tibia rolls and glides posteriorly
Arthrokinematics of open chain knee extension? tibia rolls and glides anteriorly
After an ACL repair what open chain exercise do you want to avoid? open chain knee extension
Created by: jls35
 

 



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