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Study this anci myth
note cards
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Gilgamesh | 2/3 divine and 1/3 human. son of ninsun and lugalbanda |
| Unug | Sumerian city that was renamed uruk by the Akkadians |
| Akkadians | people that renamed Unug to Uruk and Gilgamesh to Bilgames |
| Uruk | Sumerian city where Gilgamesh lived. Used to be Unug. |
| Bilgames | Gilgamesh's new name. given by akkadians |
| Ninsun | mother of Gilgamesh. She is a goddess and has a mortal husband. |
| Lugalbanda | father of Gilgamesh. he is mortal but becomes a god when he dies (defied) |
| Epic of Gilgamesh | Sumerian. it was written on 12 cuneiform tables |
| Belit-ili | Mesopotemian creation goddess. helps create Gilgamesh |
| Enkidu | Belit-ili creates him. He lives in the wilderness and the animals accept him. he is hairy |
| second self | Enkidu is a second self of Gilgamesh. He is an equal |
| Shamhat | prostitute that humanizes Enkidu. Loved by gods and goddesses so when Enkidu places a curse on her, they demand he takes it off |
| Ishtar | goddess of sexual desire. she wants Gilgamesh, but Gilg refuses because every man she sleeps with has bad luck afterwards, sends bull to destroy Uruk |
| Humbaba | he is a giant and protector pine forest because of the god Elil. Defeated by Gilgamesh and Enkidu |
| Ellil | god that puts Humbaba in charge of protecting pine forest |
| Shamash | sun god. is asked for help from gilgamesh, he sends gilgamesh four winds to defeat Humbaba |
| Bull of Heaven | Ishtar asks her father for him after she is denied by Gilgamesh, eventually gets bull and sends it down to Uruk |
| Utnapishtim | Gilgamesh goes to him to find mortality. he is immortal because he survived a flood |
| Siduri | beer seller that tells Gilgamesh to find Urshanabi if you need to get to Utnapishtim |
| Ursshanabi | ferryman to get across the sea to Utnapishtim, gets to edge of Earth, walls of Uruk built by Gilgamesh |
| Apsu | freshwater reservoir where Gilgamesh gets plant for eternal youth |
| ring composition | starts where it ends. Uruk walls to Uruk walls |
| nature (genetics) | what Enkidu represents, also Humbaba. triumph of culture over nature |
| culture | what gilgamesh represents, order |
| structuralism | modern critical theory- human mind thinks of things instructure of binary opposites |
| Tale of Buluqiya | one of the 300 stories in The Thousand and One Nights, Buluqiya and his guide Affan look for an all powerful ring for immortality |
| The Thousand and One Nights | frame story based on Shariar (Sultan) is a good king until he finds out his Sultaness committed adultery, Scheherazade tells the Sultan 300 stories in 1001 nights to keep him from killing her |
| Arabian Nights | One thousand and one nights |
| Arabic | they wrote one thousand and one nights |
| Islam | after death of Muhammad the Islam army takes down the Sassian Empire |
| Sassanid | empire that was decendants of Persians |
| frame story | begins with story and ends with story "frames it" |
| Shahriar | a sultan. his wife commits adultery. Good sultan at first than became a tyrant |
| Sultan | a king |
| vizier | Scheherazade father, does not want her to marry the sultan because he thinks it is suicide |
| Scheherazade (Shahrazad) | daughter of Vizier, marries Sultan Shahriar and tells him stories to humanize him, tells him 300 stories over 1001 nights |
| Sulaiman | Isrialite Soloman-wears magic ring that Buluqiya is seeking |
| Isle of Seven Seas | Buluquiya has to go across this to get ring, only way to get across is on foot and you need a magic plant to rub on the bottom of your feet to get across |
| Yamlika | has to go to her underground realm to get plant, queen, drinks fountain of life potion with Buluqiya |
| Affan | a sage that guides Buluqiya, dies when Buluqiya says the spell to get the ring backwards |
| Hassib | imbedded narrator. story within a story |
| imbedded narrator | What Hassib is. a story within a story |
| Torjan War | 10 year battle between Greeks and Trojans, Odysseus uses Trojan Horse to trick Trojans inside their city |
| Peleus | mortal king, husband of Thetis (sea nymph daughter of Nerus). only with Thetis becase if Zeus mated with her the child would be stronger this than Zeus |
| Thetis | sea nymph daughter of Nerus, married to Peleus |
| Eris | god of discord, crashes Thetis and Peleus wedding, throws a golden apple into wedding inscribed "for the most beautiful" |
| Hera | Queen of gods- offers kingship (political power) to Paris |
| Athena | goddess of wisdom and war. offers Paris military glory |
| Aphrodite | goddess of sexual desire, offers him sex and most beautiful woman |
| Paris (Alexander) | chooses who the golden apple from Mt Olympus, prince of Troy and shepherd, chooses Aphrodite because he is a man |
| Troy | city where Trojan war is fought |
| Menelaus | King of Sparta, husband of Helen |
| Helen | Queen of Sparta, goes back to Try with Paris, her superpower is her beauty, mortal daughter of Zeus |
| Sparta | Menelaus and Helen are king and queen of Sparta |
| xenos | host, sacred guest/host relationship that Zeus overseas |
| xenia | hospitality, sacred guest/host relationship that Zeus overseas |
| Agamemmnon | brother of Meneluas, most powerful king of Mycenae, helps retrieve Helen, uses army of Greece |
| Mycenae | Agamemnon is the most poweful king of this place |
| Homer | wrote Iliad and Odyssey, not sure if he is a real person, say composed story and not wrote it |
| Iliad | story about Ilium (Troy), story starts in middle |
| Ilium | what Iliad is about. Illium is known as Troy |
| In Medies Res | in the middle of things, Illiad starts in the middle of story |
| Greeks | Greeks called themselves Hellenes, Homer called the Greeks achaens, argives, danaans |
| Hellenes | what the greeks called themselves |
| Achaeans | What homer called the Greeks |
| Apollo | Apollo is healing and disease on the Torjan shore, sent plague because Chryseis prays to him |
| Chryseis | priest of Apollo, tries to ransom his daughter |
| Calchas | Greek seer and explain about Chrseis and wants his daughter back |
| geras/gerata | the more of this you have, the more honor in society |
| time | =gerata, while alive, to prove how valued you are to society |
| Achilles | greatest Greek warrior, has kleos (glory) because of the stuff he accomplished when he was alive |
| Briseis | Achilles' geras, if she is taken away, a girl that Agamenmom threatens to take away from Achilles |
| Nestor | the king of Pylos, acts as advisor and mediator between gods. tries to stop fight |
| Myrmidons | Achillies' men |
| Zeus | overseas sacred relationship between host and hospitality |
| Embassy | Aganennon needs Achillies to win and send an EMBASSY to bring gifts to Achillies to convince him to come back |
| Odysseus | good speaker (very important characteristic as a warrir), clever and smart |
| Phoenix | Achillies tutor, lived in Peleus (Achillies father) house, helped raised Achillies, sort of like his nanny thoughout Achillies childhood |
| Ajax | mighty warrior and carries enormous shield that only he can hold, Ajax has biggest effect and persuasion on Achillies |
| Kleos | glory-deeds- what people say about you after you are dead |
| Patroclus | Achillies best friend. Achillies second self |
| Sarpedon | son of Zeus. half divine |
| Nereids | goddess, comes to mourn death of Patroclus with Achilles |
| Hephaestus | has the armor that Achilles needs before he fights |
| Scamander | "yellow river". binatural river god, clogged by Achilles corpses, tries to drown Achilles |
| Xanthus | "yellow river", river gets clogged by corpses |
| Poseidon | helps Achilles by lifting him out of Scamander's river |
| Agenor | Apollo dresses up as him to lure Achilles away from Troy before a battle |
| Deiphobus | Athena takes this as her human form as a trojan |
| Iris | messenger for Zeus, rainbow (binatural god) |
| Priam | Hectors father. Wants his sons body back from Achilles |
| Beowulf | peom written in Northern England in Anglosaxon World |
| Anglo-Saxon | Did english-writer is proud of Heritage |
| Old English | Anglo-saxon- writer is proud of Heritage |
| Scandinavia | where Beowulf is set |
| Christian | what religion the writer of Beowulf was |
| Beowulf | son of Ecgtheow, and a Geat, nephew of Hygelac |
| Ecgtheow | Beowulf's father |
| Geat | what Beowulf was, pronunced yay-at |
| Hygelac | King of Geats, Beowulf's uncle |
| Hrothgar | King of the Danes, his people are getting eaten by Grendel because they are to loud |
| Dane | Hrothgar was king of them (shieldings) |
| Heorot | Hrothgars stronghold is this. he has been plauged by Grendel |
| Unferth | gives hrunting to beowulf (hrunting is a sword), family heirloom, advisor to Hrothgar |
| Grendel | monster that eats people because they makes too much noise, kills one person a night for 12 years |
| Grendel's mother | attacks after Grendel is wounded badily, beheaded by beowulf in lair |
| dragon | lives in treasure filled mound, awakened by a slave, attacks geats by setting houses on fire, burns down Beowulf's house, Beowulf and 11 men seek it |
| Wiglaf | Beowulf's second self, does not flee Beowulf as dragon attacks, wounds dragon with a sword to stomach |
| Oral poetry | Greek tradition. Goes back to the time of the Trojan War |
| Hrunting | name of sword. Given to Beowulf by Unferth |
| Lof | means praise and glory. based on your deeds during lifetime |
| Lof-geornost | last word in Beowulf, means who earned the most |
| Pandora | first women according to Hesiod, means all gifts, |
| Words and Days | a didactic (teaching of moral lessons), longer of the two Pandora stories |
| Didactic | teaching of moral lessons |
| Misogynistic | negativity towards women, Hesiod often made women lesser beings |
| Hephaistos/Hephaestus | how woman was created with clay and water |
| Epimestheus | means after thought (dumb brother), Prometheus brother |
| Pyxis | box for jar (pyxis for pythos), not interchangable |
| Pythos | pythos is a huge jar that was at least 5 feet and held wine and insince |
| Hope | trapped in jar by pandora, a binatural goddess |
| Kalon Kakon | Hesiod gives name to women. "beautiful evil" |
| Bride | image of Pandora clothed by Athena |
| EArth Goddess | Pandora made of clay, rises from ground, depicted as fertility (like Gaia) |
| Gaia | rose from ground and depicted as fertility |
| Myth of the Races | devolution of people, each gets worse than the one before, based on Matamorphosis |
| Myth of the Heroes | has no decline, stays consistent, greeks believe it as history that heroes existed as people |
| Titans | children of Gaia and Ouranos |
| Iapetos | father of Prometheus |
| Gaia | mother of the titans |
| Ouranos | father of the titans |
| Atlas | Prometheus' brother- punished by becoming sky supporter |
| Menoitios | brother of Prometheus- punished by Zeus- punished by being throwin into underworld |
| Mecone (Sicyon) | same place where Prometheus performs sacrifice trick |
| Fennel Stalk | inside part that can hold ember like a maton |
| Aeschylus | wrote Prometheus bound and unbound |
| Prometheus Bound | by Aeschylus, Prometheus as a cultural hero |
| Culture hero | what Aeschylus depicts Prmetheus as |
| Metallurgy | tools-with fire we can build things |
| Premtheus Unbound | by Aeschylus-part of a trilogy |
| Kratos | power-binatural gods, Zeus Henchman |
| Bia | force- binatural gods, Zeus Henchman |
| Okeanos | rivers that surround Earth |
| Io | Zeus inistress- turns into cow |
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aba10d