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The Sun's radiant energy reaches the Earth across space in approximentally _____.
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Most of the radiation incident upon the Earth falls within the ___ part of the spectrum.
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Iddi's Midterm
Chapters 1-6
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| The Sun's radiant energy reaches the Earth across space in approximentally _____. | 8 minutes |
| Most of the radiation incident upon the Earth falls within the ___ part of the spectrum. | Shortwave |
| Cooling of air expansion is called ____. | The adiabatic process |
| The map of world average annual temperature range shows _____ to have the greatest range. | Eastern Siberia |
| The higher latitudes recieve much less insolation than tropical zones because of ____. | Suns Angle of Incidence |
| In the electromagnetic spectrum, visible light occupies the band between 0.4 and 0.7 ____. | Micrometers |
| The solar energy reaching Earth travels a distance of ____ million kilometers. | 150 |
| ____ objects radiate in shorter wavelengths than _____ objects. | Hot, cold |
| A body that emits the maximum amount of radiation possible, at every wavelength for its temperature is a(n)______. | Black Body |
| Earth's reradiation to space consists of mainly _____ rays. | Short |
| The longest of the visible light waves are ____. | Red |
| About ___ percent of the total insolation is directly absorbed by the air. | 22 |
| For the most part, the atmosphere is heated from the _____. | Earths Surface |
| A temperature inversion is mainly an inversion of the ________. | Normal Lapse Rate |
| Solar energy and terrestrial reradiation are usually measured in units of length called _____. | Micrometers |
| The trapping of longwave radiation in the atmosphere is popoularly called ____. | The Greenhouse Effect |
| With respect to adsorption of solar radiation, it is understood that _____ are the most effcient absorbers. | Dark colered |
| Which of the following is closely related to a surface temperature inversion? | Cold-air drainage |
| In terms of long term temperature increases in the atmosphere, which of the following is true? | Increases in greenhouse gases have been observed. |
| Vertical motion in air causes cooling of the lifted air. This phenomenon is governed by the ___ effect. | Adiabatic |
| Which of the following electromagnetic wavelenghts are the LONGEST? | Microwaves |
| The reddish tint from the Sun in the late afternoon results from _____. | Scattering |
| The observed increase in greenhouse gases in the atmosphere in this century is attributable to ______. | Human Activities |
| In the heating of the atmosphere, which amount of energy is the SMALLEST? | Solar radiation absorbed by ozone |
| The belt maximum solar energy input to Earth swings back and forth ______. | Through the tropics |
| Major surface winds are set in motion by _____. | Winds |
| The normal vertical temperature gradient is CLOSEST to how many degrees Celsius per 1000 meters? | 6.5 |
| ALthough several factors are involved, the main factor controlling the distribution of annual average temperature for Earth as a whole is ______. | Latitude |
| An isotherm bends towards the equator as it passes over land. Once can infer ____. | the season is winter |
| In an inversion, which is true? | The temperature increases with altitude |
| The Sun ______. | Is a star of average size |
| Between .7 and 1.0 micrometers are some of the ______ wavelengths. | Infrared |
| For atmospheric radiation, ____ micrometers is considered to be the boundary between "shortwaves" and "longwaves." | 4 |
| Almost all terrestrial radiation can be considered to be ____ and almost all solar radiation can be considered to be _____. | Longwave, shortwave |
| What process explains the slow rate of snowmelt on a sunny day when air temperatures are above freezing? | Reflection |
| Given land/water heating contrasts, where would one expect to find the coldest winter temperatures in the Northern Hemisphere? | In Siberia 9(70*N) |
| Which country is the worlds leading producer of carbon dioxide? | United States |
| The main culprite for global warming (not ozone depletion) appears to be _______. | Carbon Dioxide |
| Solar energy is known as ______. | Insolation |
| A langley is defined as a unit of energy equal to one calorie per square centimeter. | True |
| The solar constant has a value of 2 calories per square centimeter per minute. | True |
| The ability of a molecule to pass through the atmosphere is called scattering. | False |
| Lines connecting points of equal pressure are isotherms. | False |
| The general circulation of the oceans is a major mechanism for the transfer of energy from the Tropics to the poles. | True |
| Visible light makes up most parts of the electromagentic spectrum. | False |
| Coriolis effect sets ocean currents in motion. | False |
| In the middle and higher latitudes, there are no significant seasonal variations in the duration of sunlight. | False |
| The Fahrenheit scale for temperature reading is still the most widely used scale in the world. | False |
| Sea level is currently rising because of global warming. | True |
| The vertical distribution of temperature in the troposphere is essentially unpredictable. | False |
| Summer temperatures are generally higher over continents than over oceans. | True |
| Adiabatic warming takes place by compression in descending air. | True |
| Albedo is the same phemomenon as advection. | False |
| If an object is a good absorber, than it is likely to be a poor reflector. | True |
| Global warming has increased the growing season in the northern hemisphere. | True |
| Energy and heat are synonymous concepts. | True |
| The "greenhouse effect" doesnt work the same way in a greenhouse as is does in the atmosphere. | True |
| Shorter electromagnetic wavelengths are more easily scattered that larger ones. | True |
| Solar radiation striking the Earths surface is characterized as "longwave". | False |
| The main component of the lower atmosphere by total volume is ______. | Nitrogen |
| A major characteristic of the troposhere is the ______. | Decrease of temperature with increasing altitude |
| The climatic controls include all but which of the following? | The plane of the equator |
| The normal percent of water vapor in dry air is _____ percent. | 0-4 |
| The segment of the atmosphere which blends into interplanetary space is called the ____. | Exosphere |
| The side of a mountain sheltered from prevailing winds is the _____. | Leeward |
| The third most plentiful gas in the Earths lower atmosphere is _____. | Argon |
| Oxygen is being added to the atmosphere by ___. | Burning of coal |
| ______ is(are) the crucial to the formation of clouds in the atmosphere. | Particulates |
| The segment of the atmosphere in which gases maintain an approximately uniform composition is the _____. | Homosphere |
| The main impact of ozone on life on the Earths surface is to ____. | Reduce ultraviolet radiation |
| The atmospheric layer in which gases do not maintain a uniform composition is the ____. | Heterosphere |
| Over warm oceans, water vapor comprises about _____ percent of the volume in the atmosphere. | 4 |
| Which of the following is NOT gaseous in the atmosphere? | Clouds, duh |
| What is the main absorber of ultraviolet radiation in the atmosphere is ______. | Ozone |
| About 10000 kilometers above the surface of the Earth is the upper limit of the atmosphere. | Atmosphere |
| Mountainds act as major climatic barriers with the sheltered or _____ side recieving less moisture than the exposed side. | Leeward |
| Argon is the _____ most plentiful gas in the atmosphere. | Third |
| Nitrogen is the _____ component of the atmosphere in terms of volume. | Main |
| _____ is(are) responsible for placing oxygen in the atmosphere. | Plants |
| Oxygen is the ______ component of the atmosphere in terms of volume. | Second |
| In general, warm ocean currents are located _____ of the continents. | West |
| The most basic factor causing the distribution of hot and cold temperatures over Earth's surface is ______. | Latitude |
| Which is NOT a "weather element"? | Latitude |
| Which of the following is an atmospheric gas. | THEY ARE ALL GASES |
| The ozone layer is in that portion of the atmosphere known as the ______. | Stratosphere |
| Which of the following substances is closely associated with the breakdown of the ozone layer? | Chlorofluorocarbons |
| A "hole" in the ozone layer was first discovered over ______. | Antartica |
| Which of the following is an important source of particles in the air? | ALLL OF THE ABOVE |
| In the atmosphere, the temperature decreases with increasing altitude in the ______ and the ______. | Troposphere and Mesosphere |
| Which of the following is not considered a climatic control? | Temperature |
| Chlorine in the stratosphere will turn ozone directly into ________. | Oxygen |
| Together, oxygen and nitrogen comprise what percentage of the atmosphere? | More than 95% |
| If one were 30 kilometers above sea level, one would be apart of the atmosphere known as the ________. | Stratosphere |
| Which of the following is NOT a natural characteristic of the troposphere? | has the hottest temperatures in the atmosphere |
| The concentration of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere is a _______. | Small fraction of 1% |
| Clouds owe their existance to the presence of atmospheric _______. | Particles |
| The smallest atmospheric particles can remain suspended in the atmosphere for a period of ________. | Years |
| What atmospheric layer is directly above the tropopause? | Stratosphere |
| It is thought that the Earth's climate is being changed rapidly by __________. | Human caused releases of impurities |
| Ozone is actually _______. | three atomed oxygen |
| "Weather" and "Climate" | refer to the atmosphere as studied on different time scales |
| The order of the atmospheric thermal layers from the surface up into the atmosphere is: | troposphere, stratosphere, mesosphere, thermosphere |
| Some particulates absorb the water vapor around them. They are said to be _______. | Hygroscopic |
| Which of the following exists highest in the atmosphere? | Mesopause |
| Which of the following statements about the atmosphere is true? | Most of its mass is relatively close to the ground. |
| Which of the following can be found lowest in the atmosphere? | Tropopause |
| Which of the following climatic controls can be considered to be the "most important." | Latitude |
| The part of the atmosphere that contains "weather" and supports life | is very shallow |
| By volume, which of these comprises more than 1% of Earths atmosphere? | NONE OF THE ABOVE |
| The amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere is steadily growing due to the actions of humans. | True |
| Oxygen is the most common gas in the lower part of the atmosphere. | False |
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