Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
A & P I Exam 4
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| 100. The _____ ___ includes the thalamus, hypothalamus, and epithalamus | diencephalon |
| 101. The two longitudinal ridges on the medulla oblongata where many descending fibers cross over are called the ___ | pyramids |
| 102. The largest nuclear mass in the midbrain is the _ | substantia nigra |
| 103. In stage 3 sleep, ________ and ________ waves appear | theta and delta |
| 104. The ___ _____ is the main switch station for memory; if the right and left areas are damaged, the past is lost | amygdala |
| 105. ___ _____ rhythm is a 24-hour cycle of sleep and wakefulness | Circadian |
| 106. _ _______ is a temporary cessation of breathing during sleep found most commonly in the elderly | Sleep apnea |
| 107. Describe the cause of hydrocephalus and explain why this condition is much more serious in adults than in newborns. - | Hydrocephaly refers to a blockage |
| 108. Which brain areas lack a blood-brain barrier, and what purpose does this absence serve? - | The blood-brain barrier is absent around the vomiting center |
| 109. What is the importance of the fact that the outer portion of the cerebral hemispheres is convoluted? | - convolutions effectively triple the cortical surface area |
| 110. What is the cauda equina and why is it given this name? | - collection of nerve roots |
| 111. Describe the role of the reticular activating system in cortical arousal and stimulation. | - appears to mediate the alertness |
| 113. Differentiate clearly between short-term and long-term memory. | - (STM) is a fleeting memory of events - (LTM) is semipermanent storage |
| 115. What seven areas of the body is the hypothalamus in control of? | 1. ANS. 2. Center of emotional responses. 3. Body temperature regulation. 4. Regulation of food intake. 5. Regulation of water balance and thirst. 6. Regulation of the sleep-wake cycles. 7. Control of the endocrine functions |
| 116. What is the limbic system? | - area of the brain that is in control of our emotions |
| 120. What is the main function of the rods in the eye? | - vision in dim light |
| 121. What structure regulates the amount of light passing to the visual receptors of the eye? | - iris |
| 122. Receptors for hearing are located in the: | - cochlea |
| 123. Presbyopia is ___________ | farsightedness |
| 124. The oil component found in tears is produced by the: | tarsal glands |
| 125. The receptor for static equilibrium is the: | macula |
| 129. Describe the path of nerve fibers from the medial aspect of each eye: | cross over to the opposite side at the chiasma |
| 130. Ordinarily, it is not possible to transplant tissues from one person to another, yet corneas can be transplanted without tissue rejection. This is because the cornea: | has no blood supply |
| 131. The oval window is connected directly to which passageway? | scala vestibuli |
| 132. There are three layers of neurons in the retina. The axons of which of these neuron layers form the optic nerves? | ganglion cells |
| 133. The first "way station" in the visual pathway from the eye, after there has been partial crossover of the fibers in the optic chiasma, is the: | lateral geniculate body of the thalamus |
| 135. Describe the functioning of gustatory receptors? | Complete adaptation occurs in about one to five minutes |
| 136. Where are taste buds found: | lining of the middle ear |
| 137. Describe the functioning of olfactory receptors: | ciliated, chemoreceptors, short life span |
| 140. What does the ciliary body do? | causes the lens to change shape and secretes aqueous humor |
| 141. What is a modiolus? | a bone pillar in the center of the cochlea |
| 142. What is night blindness and how can it be treated? | deficiency of vitamin A |
| 143. What is dark adaptation and how does it occur | rhodopsin accumulates in the rods |
| 144. Conscious perception of vision probably reflects activity in the: | occipital lobe of the cortex |
| 145. The optic radiations project to the: | primary visual cortex |
| 146. Visual inputs to the __ ______ serve to synchronize biorhythms with natural light and dark. | suprachiasmatic nucleus |
| 147. Information from balance receptors goes directly to the: | brain stem |
| 148. What is motion sickness and how is it best treated? | mismatch between visual and vestibular inputs |
| 149. The blind spot of the eye is: | optic nerve leaves the eye |
| 150. Olfactory cells and taste buds are normally stimulated by: | substances in solution |
| 151. What structures can you see when you look into the eye with an ophthalmoscope? | macula lutea, fovea centralis, optic disc |
| 152. The cells of the retina in which action potentials are generated are the: | ganglion cells |
| 153. Tinnitis, vertigo, and gradual hearing loss typify the disorder called: | Ménière's syndrome |
| 154. Describe the characteristics of olfactory receptor cells? | ciliated, chemoreceptors, short life span |
| 155. An essential part of the maculae involved in static equilibrium is (are) the: | otoliths |
| 158. The eye muscle that elevates and turns the eye laterally is the: | inferior oblique |
| 159. The receptor membranes of gustatory cells are: | gustatory hairs |
| 160. Describe the order in which light passes through the structures of the eye: | cornea, aqueous humor, lens, vitreous humor |
| 161. Damage to the medial recti muscles would probably affect: | convergence |
| 162. Describe how sound localization occurs: | requires input, uses time differences, difficult to discriminate sound |
| 163. As sound intensity increases, we hear the sound as a louder sound at the same pitch. This suggests that: | amplitude increases |
| 164. Descibe the possible causes of conduction deafness? | impacted cerumen, ear infection, otosclerosis |
| 165. Visual processing in the thalamus does not contribute significantly to: | night vision |
| 166. ________ is a disorder of the olfactory nerves | Anosima |
| 167. Visible light fits between ___ ____________ in the electromagnetic spectrum | UV and infrared |
| 168. Ceruminous glands are: | modified apocrine sweat glands |
| 169. Pressure, pain, and temperature receptors are: | exteroceptors |
| 170. Potentially damaging stimuli that result in pain are selectively detected by: | nociceptors |
| 171. What are Meissner's corpuscles and where would you find them? | are mechanoreceptors |
| 173. Transduction refers to conversion of: | stimulus information |
| 174. Problems in balance may follow trauma to which nerve? | vestibulocochlear |
| 175. Describe the components of the peripheral nervous system | sensory receptors |
| 176. Feeling a gentle caress on your arm would likely involve which receptors: | Meissnerʹs, Merkel discs, root hair plexuses |
| 177. The boundary of the retina is called the __ ______. | ora serrata |
| 178. The synapse of the olfactory nerves with the mitral cells is called a ___ _____. | glomerulus |
| 179. The rocks found in one's head (calcium carbonate crystals) are called __ ______. | otoliths |
| 180. The middle ear ossicle is the ___ _____. | incus |
| 181. The _ _______ are in the visual pathway and mediate the pupillary light reflexes. | pretectal nuclei |
| 182. The oval window touches the stapes and the __ ______. | scala vestibuli |
| 183. The vestibulocochlear nerve first synapses with the ___ _____ in the medulla | cochlear nuclei |
| 184. The apex of the ear hears sounds in the range of __ ______ Hz | 20 |
| 185. In the optic ___ _____ the axons are all ipsilateral | tract |
| 186. Contrast light and dark adaptation and include the role of the rods and cones. | During light adaptation, rods are inactivated and as cones respond to the high-intensity light |
| 187. What is the chemical composition of the rod pigment, rhodopsin, and how does it appear to act in the reception of light? | Rhodopsin is a combination |
| 188. After head trauma from an automobile accident, a man has anosmia. Define anosmia. Why is this condition fairly common after such injuries and in cases of severe nasal cavity inflammation? | Anosmia means the loss of chemical….. |
| 189. Explain why your nose runs during and immediately after a good cry. | The tears flow into the lacrimal canaliculi……. |
| 190. Trace the pathway of sound as it enters the external ear until it is perceived in the brain. | A sound wave passing through….. |
| 191. Explain the role of the endolymph of the semicircular canals in activating the receptors during angular motion. | The crista ampullaris responds…. |
| 192. When you go to the fair and ride the Wild Mouse, where do those wild sensations come from? | The wild sensations occur when the receptor for dynamic equilibrium…. |
| 193. What is the pharyngotympanic tube and what is its purpose? | pharyngotympanic tube links the middle ear cavity….. |
| 194. __ ______ law states that any nerve serving a muscle that produces movement at a joint also innervates the joint itself and the skin over the joint | Hiltonʹs |
| 195. __ ______ are modified free-dendritic endings found in the stratum germinativum. | Merkel discs |
| 196. Name three unencapsulated sensory receptors and tell what they are used for. | Free nerve endings are found, Modified free nerve endings, Hair follicle receptors |
| 197. When we hear a strange sound in a room what perceptual level is activated? | perceptual detection level is the only level acted upon |
Created by:
tweetladee