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Stack #745273
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Most sponges are a very drab color | False |
| Sponges in northeast waters may become dormant in the winter | True |
| Sponges are an evolutionary dead end. It appears no animals evolved from them. | True |
| Sponges first appeared on earth at the time of the dinosaurs. | False |
| The life span of most sponges is between one and twenty years | True |
| Sponges are delectable and are frequently eaten by other animals | False |
| Most sponges live i fresh water | False |
| Sponges are not found in the Antarctic | False |
| Most sponges live in very deep water | False |
| What is the science of classification called? | Taxonomy |
| Who described a system of classification in the 1700's? | Corolus Liinnaeus |
| Indicate the kingdom: prokaryotic, unicellular | Monera, ex: bacteria |
| Indicate the kingdom: Multicellular, photosynthetic | Plantae, ex: plants |
| Indicate the kingdom: Multicellular, eat other organisms | Animalic, ex: Lion |
| Indicate the kingdom: Eukaryotic, absorb butrients, have cell walls | Fungi, ex: algae |
| Indicate the kingdom: unicellular, eukaryotic | Protista, ex: Protozoa |
| How did Linnaeus classify organisms? | He grouped them by similarities |
| What is phytoplankton and what are some types of marine phytoplankton? | Minute, free-floating aquatic plants; examples are diatoms, dinoflagelletes, and microflagellates |
| What is zooplankton and what are some types of marine zooplankton? | Animal and amimal-like plankton that drift on the ocean surface, ex: copepods |
| What are cyanobacteria? What is their importance to changing the atmospheric composition of the earth? | A group of prokaryotes that are characterized by: photosynthetic, blue-green in color, capable of nitrogen-fixation, reproduce by binary fission. Cyanobacteria produce oxygen, that is their importance in the ecosystem. |
| What are stromatolites? | A widely distributed sedimentary structure consisting on laminate carbonate or silicate rocks, produced of geologic time by the trapping, binding or precipitating of sediment by groups of microorganisms, primarily cyanobacteria. |
| What is archaeabacteria and what is their importance in the evolution of life on Earth? | Microorganisms that are similar to bacteria in size and simplicity of structure but radically different in molecular organization. Now believed to be a cross between bacteria and eukaryotes. Archaebacteria create oxygen as a by-product. |
| What is chemosynthesis and how do bacteria obtain their energy when no sunlight is available? | When organisms obtain energy from chemical reactions. Organisms use water, dissolved carbon dioxide, and hydrogen sulfide to create sugar and sulfur compounds. |
| What is Brown Algae? | any of a class of large, photodynthetic, marine thallophytic algae, including kelp and fucus, have a brown pigment that obscures the color of chlorophyll |
| What is kelp and where does it grow? | It's a type of brown algae and it grows in the water anywhere from 43-57F down |
| What is the economic importance of algae? | It creates energy for other aquatic animals |
| What are diatoms and what is their ecological role in marine systems? | A single celled algae that has a cell wall of silica. Diatomes ecological role is that the produce 23% of photosynthesis at all times. |
| What is a dinoflagellate? List some health concerns associated with dinoflagellates. | A single celled organism with two flagella , occurring in large numbers in marine plankton and also found in fresh water. Some produce toxins that can accumulate in shellfish, resulting in poisoning when eating. |
| Explain bioluminescence in dinoflagellates. | It is regulated by the activity of enzymes upon luminescent proteins and also requires oxygen that they store up during the day |
| What are foraminiferans (forams) and where do they live? | Unicellular protist with a calcium carbonate shell; zooplankton. They live in the benthic zone |
| What are the different types of seaweed in the world? | Brown, red and green seaweeds |
| What are different types of salt plants such as seagrasesses, marsh plants, mongroves. | Kelp ,sea grasses, mangroves, sargassum |
| Vorticella: Cilia | Sweeps food toward mouth |
| Vorticella: Mouth | Eats food |
| Vorticella: Food vacuole | Digests food |
| Vorticella: Cytoplasm | Makes up cell, holds food vacuole |
| Vorticella: Nucleus | control center |
| Vorticella: cell membrane | allows oxygen to enter cell from water |
| Vorticella: contractile vacuole | pumps out excess water |
| Vorticella: stalk | coils when vorticella is touched |
| Sponge: ostia (small pores) | tiny food particles and plankton enter |
| Sponge: osculum (large pores) | waste and water exit |
| Sponge: collar cells (have flagella) | produce currents to pump water in and out |
| Sponge: ectoderm and endodermoff | tissue layers, out later and inner |
| Sponge: spicules | form rigid skeleton |
| Rotifer: cilia | used for movement |
| Rotifer: mouth | food enters through |
| Rotifer: stomach, intestine, anus | full digestive system |
| Rotifer: cell membrane | allows oxygen to enter |
| Rotifer: separate sexes: ovaries and testes | reproductive organs |
| Bryozoan: mouth | Eats |
| Bryozoan: stomach, intestine, anus | Full digestive system |
| Bryozoan: cell membrane | allows oxygen to enter |
| Bryozoan: hermaphrodite (both ovarise and testes); budding also occurs | reproductive organs |
| Sponges have 2 parts: | endoderm (inner layer) and the ectoderm (outer layer) |
| What phylum are sponges in? | Porifera |
| How does a sponge take in oxygen and get rid of carbon dioxide? | Gas exchange occurs across cell membranes. |
| What is the life cycle of a sponge? | Zygote (fertilized egg) two-celled stage four-celled stage morula blastula larva (free living) larva (settling on substrate) adult sponge develops |
| Do sponges produce sexually or asexually? | Asexually. |
| What is regeneration? | When a piece of sponge can break off and can grow into a whole complete different sponge |
| What is an encrusting organism? | Any living thing that grows over the surfaces of substrates |
| How does the rotifer reproduce? | They can produce sexually or asexually. Asexual process for their reproduction is called parthenogensis. |
| 2 different kinds of Bryozoans | Encrusting and erect |
| How do bryozoans reproduce? | Asexually by a process called budding in which a smaller individual develops on, and then separates from, the larger parent body. They produce sexually as well. |
| How are protists classified? | ciliophora, zoomastigina, sarcodina |
| How are zooplankton classified? | By size, picoplankton, nanoplankton, midoplankton, mesoplankton |
| What is a meroplankton? | Plankton that changes into larger organisms |
| What are holoplankton? | Plankton that remain plankton all their lives. |
| Essay: Sexual Reproduction | two parents are needed, diatom develops into a male or female cell. male produces sperm, sperm swim and enter female diatom, where it united with an egg nucleus. fertilized egg develops into a mature diatom. |
| Essay: Asexual Reproduction | production of offspring by one parent, a diatom divides to form two new cells. two frustules separate and create a separate diatom. |
| What animals produce asexually, sexually or both? | Cinadrias produce asexually, sponges can produce both, sea anemones produce sexually, bryozoans produce both |
Created by:
kcstricker