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Faina's Poetry Terms
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| form | the external, or physical, organization of a poem |
| fixed form | a perm in which organizational elements such as length or pattern are prescribed by tradition. Ex. sonnet, haiku... |
| free verse | a poem that doesn't conform to any fixed pattern |
| line | one unit of verse (lines are often numbered for identification) |
| stanza | a group of lines whose pattern is repeated throughout a poem. (some people use this term to just mean any grouping of lines separated by a space) |
| end-stopped line | a line that ends with a natural speech pause, usually marked by punctuation |
| enjambed line (run-on line) | a line that has no natural speech pause at the end, allowing the sentence to flow uninterruptedly into the next line |
| caesura | a speech pause that occurs within a line of poetry, rather than at the end |
| meter | the particular rhythmic pattern in a line of verse |
| blank verse | unrhymed iambic pentameter |
| rhyme scheme | a fixed pattern of rhymes in a stanza or whole poem. rhyme scheme is symbolized by letters that indicate the pattern |
| couplet | two successive lines, usually in the same meter, linked by rhyme |
| refrain | a repeated line, part of a line, or group of lines at a fixed position in a poem |
| imagery | language used to represent a sensory experience. imagery can be literal, figurative (as in a metaphore), or sumbolic, meaning that it's literal, but also represents something beyond itself. |
| figurative language (figure of speech) | non-literal language used to express an idea (often presented as a comparison) |
| metaphor | a figure of speech that makes a non-literal comparison of unlike things. an extended metaphor (sometimes called a conceit) develops the comparison at length |
| simile | a type of metaphor that uses like, as, of than |
| metonymy | a figure of speech in which the writer uses something closely related in place of the thing actually meant or uses a part of something to represent the whole. the second type if often called a synecdoche. |
| personification | a figure of speech giving human attributes to an animal, object, or idea |
| apostrophe | addressing someone absent or dead or something nonhuman as if it were present and alive and could respond. the second type involves personification. |
| allusion | a reference, explicit or implicit, to something or someone in literature or history |
| speaker | voice of the poem; not necessarily poet |
| alliteration | repetition of the initial consonant sound in adjacent words |
| assonance | repetition of vowel sounds in the stressed syllables of adjacent words |
| euphony | smoothness or pleasantness in the sound of words, often achieved through assonance |
| consonance | repetition of the final consonant sounds of stressed syllables in adjacent words |
| cacophony | roughness or harshness in the sound of words, often achieved through consonant sounds. |
| onomatopoeia | the use of words who sounds echo their meaning |
| rhyme | correspondence of sounds between words of the ends of words |
| internal rhyme | a rhyme in which a word within a line rhymes with the last word in a line |
| slant rhyme (approximate rhyme) | words with a sound similarity that's close to rhyme, but not exact |
| diction | the choice and placement of words |
| denotation | the basic, literal, or primary meaning of a word |
| connotation | the ideas or feelings a word invokes in addition to its denotation |
| syntax | the arrangement of words and phrases to create well-formed sentences. |
| tone | the author or speaker's attitude toward the subject. tone is short for tone of voice, and it provides emotional color or meaning. altering tone can change meaning without changing a single word |
| irony | a form of contrast |
| dramatic irony | the reader knows or understands something a character doesn't. in poetry, often occurs when poet implies a differnt meaning than the one intended by the speaker, or, in poems with multiple speakers, when one speaker understands something the other doesn't |
| verbal irony | the speaker says one thing but means another. sarcasm is a biting form. |
| situational irony | what happens is the opposite of what's expected or appropriate under the circumstances |
| hyperbole (overstatement) | exaggerated language, used for effect |
| understatement | softer or less forceful language than the situation warrants, for effect |
| paradox | an apparently contradictory statement that nevertheless contains truth |
| oxymoron | juxtaposition of two seemingly contradictory words |
| pun | a play on words identical or similar in sound, but different in meaning |
| malapropism | a misstatement or misused word usually intended by the author to make the speaker look ignorant and sometimes to express a kind of truth the speaker does not intend |
Created by:
fainamar
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