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Mr. Sherman is a 65-year-old patient who has long-standing hypertension. Which of the following clinical findings would you expect?
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On examination you are unable to palpate the apical pulse. In addition, the heart sounds are very faint to auscultation. What condition should be considered?
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healthassesscardio
quiz 3 cardio
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Mr. Sherman is a 65-year-old patient who has long-standing hypertension. Which of the following clinical findings would you expect? | Thickened myocardium |
| On examination you are unable to palpate the apical pulse. In addition, the heart sounds are very faint to auscultation. What condition should be considered? | Pleural or pericardial fluid |
| a 55-year-old marathon runner who presents to your office with a complaint of many days of fever, shortness of breath, and some chest pain. On examination you note clinical signs of congestive heart failure. What disease process should you consider? | Bacterial endocarditis |
| Mrs. Bower is a 55-year-old patient who presents to your office with a complaint of fatigue. On examination when palpating the precordium, a heave is identified with lateral displacement of the apical pulse. Such a finding may indicate: | left ventricular enlargement. |
| The validity of heart size as judged by percussion should be confirmed by: | location of the apical pulse or PMI. |
| Mr. Lukas is a 48-year-old patient with diabetes and hypertension. On examination, which heart sound suggests a pathology and requires additional evaluation? | s4 |
| Mr. Kingman is a healthy 17-year-old who presents with acute and severe chest pain. He has no history of illness or injury. Which of the following possible causes of chest pain is the most logical problem to consider? | Cocaine use |
| In the presence of heart failure, which age group is most likely to exhibit liver enlargement before pulmonary edema? | Infants |
| a 42-year-old patient who presents for routine well visit. On examination during cardiac auscultation, you note a midsystolic murmur with a medium pitch; a coarse thrill is palpated as well. These findings are consistent with which condition? | Aortic stenosis |
| a 48-year-old patient with a complaint of chest pain. On examination you note a murmur of medium pitch that fills systole. It is heard best at the apex and along the left sternal border. Which of the following identifies these clinical findings? | Subaortic stenosis |
| Mrs. Gorski is a 38-year-old patient who is 8 months pregnant and presents to your office for a routine visit. Which of the following cardiovascular findings would be considered normal for Mrs. Gorski? | The heart position shifts up and to the left; the apex moves laterally. |
| her 5-year-old daughter is brought in for an exam. On examination you note a systolic ejection murmur that is loud, harsh, and high in pitch heard over the second intercostal space along the left sternal border. What problem should you suspect? | Atrial septal defect |
| Mrs. Tubbs is a 42-year-old patient who presents to your office for a routine follow-up. Which of the following is the best technique to hear low-pitched filling sounds of the heart? | Place the patient in a left lateral recumbent position and listen with the bell of the stethoscope. |
| The thick muscular middle layer of the heart that is responsible for contraction is the: | myocardium. |
| The primary muscle mass of the heart is formed by which of the following? | Right and left ventricles |
| Mr. Casey is a 66-year-old patient with aortic stenosis. Which of the following best describes the major function of the heart valves? | Permits the flow of blood in one direction |
| Which of the following events occurs during the systolic phase of the cardiac cycle? | The ventricles contract and the atria relax. |
| Mrs. Tanker is a 62-year-old patient who presents to your office with a complaint of chest pain. On cardiac auscultation you note a split heart sound. Which of the following occurs to produce a split sound? | The right side of the heart contracts later than the left side. |
| The semilunar valves are located: | at the exit of each ventricle where the great vessels originate. |
| The fibrous sac that encases and protects the heart is identified as the: | pericardium. |
| The heart is considered an autonomous organ due to which of the following? | An intrinsic electrical conduction system |
| Which of the following happens to the electrical impulse as it passes through the AV node? | Electrical impulses are slightly slowed down. |
| Which of the following best describes initiation of ventricular contraction? | Pressure in the ventricle forces atrioventricular valves to close. |
| Mrs. Black is a 36-year-old patient who is pregnant and returns to your office for follow-up. An ultrasound identifies that ductus arteriosus is present in fetal circulation. Which of the following organs is bypassed with ductus arteriosus? | Lungs |
| Which of the following is a change that occurs within the cardiovascular system that is associated with pregnancy? | Increase in blood volume |
| Mrs. Larman is a 45-year-old patient who presents for follow-up examination. During the examination you note a pandiastolic murmur. Which of the following best describes this clinical finding? | Begins with S2; ends at S1 |
| Mr. Green is a 56-year-old patient who presents to your office for follow-up. On examination you note a readily visible and palpable apical pulse. Which of the following indicates the rationale for this finding? | |
| Mrs. Yates is a 55-year-old patient who presents to your office with complaints of chest pain. To assess the timing of the cardiac cycle, you place one hand over the precordium and the other hand over the: | carotid pulse. |
| Mr. Jones is a 72-year-old patient who presents with a complaint of fever and fatigue. On examination you note muffled heart sounds, low blood pressure, and a paradoxic pulse. Which of the following best identifies this condition? | Cardiac tamponade |
| Mrs. Kingman is a 45-year-old patient who presents with a complaint of shortness of breath and palpitations. Which of the following occurs when the heart rate increases? | The duration of diastole decreases. |
| S1 is a ______________ sound that is heard the loudest at the _____________of the heart. | systolic; apex |
| Mr. Hortsman presents to your office for a routine follow-up. Which of the following techniques is best to hear a splitting of the S2 sound? | The individual takes in a deep breath and holds it for a brief time. |
| Mr. Webber is a 53-year-old patient who has a fixed split heart sound. Splitting is said to be fixed when it is unaffected by: | respiration. |
| S3 and S4 are commonly heard in which of the following groups of individuals? | Young children |
| S3 and S4 become a major concern when which of the following accompanies them? | An increase in intensity |
| A pericardial friction rub is often caused by which of the following? | Inflammation of the pericardium |
| A disruption to the flow of blood into, through, or out of the heart produces which of the following cardiac sounds? | Murmur |
| During a health history your patient describes having experienced aimless, jerky movements, episodes of shortness of breath, and chest pain. What are these symptoms associated with? | Acute Rheumatic Fever |
| Mr. Jones brings her toddler to your office with and reports that the child has had a fever for 5 days and her tongue is very red and has a white coating. What disease are these symptoms associated with? | Kawaski s Disease |
| Heart position can vary depending on body habitus. In a short, stocky individual, you would expect the heart to be located: | more to the left and lying more horizontally. |
| Thin-walled reservoirs of the heart are the: | atria. |
| Which two heart structures are most anterior in the chest? | C) The right atrium and ventricle |
| Contraction of the ventricles causes: | closure of the atrioventricular valves. |
| Electrical activity recorded by the electrocardiogram (ECG) tracing that denotes the spread of the stimulus through the atria is the: | P wave. |
| A third heart sound is created by: | diastolic filling. |
| The "pacing" structure of the heart's electrical activity is the: | sinoatrial (SA) node. |
| Purkinje fibers are located in the: | myocardium. |
| The spread of the impulse through the ventricles (ventricular depolarization) is depicted on the ECG as the: | QRS complex. |
| In the fetus, the right ventricle pumps blood through the: | ductus arteriosus. |
| Closure of the ductus arteriosus usually occurs: | Closure of the ductus arteriosus usually occurs: |
| The apex of a 2-month-old baby's heart typically lies closest to the: | fourth left intercostal space. |
| Ventricular fibrillation is an ECG change would not be expected as an age-related pattern?T or F? | true |
| A patient you are seeing in the emergency department for chest pain is suspected of having a myocardial infarct. He states that his father had died of heart trouble. The most important follow-up question you should pose is which of the following? | “What age was your father at the time of his death?” |
| Which one of the following is a common symptom of cardiovascular disorders in the older adult? | Fatigue |
| If the apical impulse is more vigorous than expected to the chest wall, it is called: | a lift. |
| An apical PMI palpated beyond the left fifth intercostal space may indicate: | left ventricular hypertrophy. |
| A lift along the left sternal border is most likely the result of: | right ventricular hypertrophy. |
| To estimate heart size by percussion, you should begin tapping at the: | anterior axillary line. |
| Normal heart sounds are best heard: | over areas where blood flows after it passes through a valve. |
| To hear diastolic heart sounds, you should ask patients to: | lie on their left sides. |
| The carotid pulse should coincide with which heart sound? | S1 |
| You are listening to a patient's heart sounds in the aortic and pulmonic areas. The sound becomes asynchronous during inspiration. The prevalent heart sound to this area is most likely which of the following? | S2 |
| During auscultation of heart tones, you are uncertain whether the sound you hear is an S2 split. You should ask the patient to inhale deeply while listening at the _____ area. | pulmonic |
| The bell of the stethoscope placed at the apex is more useful than the diaphragm for hearing: | presystolic gallops. |
| You are conducting an examination of Mr. C.'s heart and blood vessels and auscultate a grade III murmur. The intensity of this murmur is: | moderately loud. |
| A grade I or II murmur, without radiation and of medium pitch, is a common variation found in: | school-age children. |
| An example of a functional heart murmur is one that is caused by: | anemia. |
| A split second heart sound is: | greatest at the peak of inspiration. |
| The earliest sign of heart failure in an infant is frequently: | liver enlargement. |
| An increase in heart rate during inspiration, with a decrease in this rate during expiration, is an expected finding in: | 4-year-old children. |
| A condition that is likely to present with dizziness and fainting is: | sick sinus syndrome. |
| Fat deposits in the circulatory system of an older adult can lead to: | heart failure. |
| A grade IV mitral regurgitation murmur would: | radiate to the axilla. |
| The most helpful finding in determining left-sided heart failure is: | jugular vein distention. |
Created by:
TwiggyG85