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Science1234567890
Science Notes chapter 5
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| A mixture of gases surrounding the planet is called the ______ | atmosphere |
| The most common atmospheric gas is ______ | nitrogen |
| only_____% of the Atmosphere is oxygen | 21% |
| Phtoplankton and plants produce the atmospere's _______ | oxygen |
| Most water in the atmosphere is in _____ | water vapor |
| Gas molecules in the atmosphere are pulled toward the earth by _______ | gravity |
| The measure of the force with which air molecules push on a surface is called ______ | air pressure |
| Explain what happens to air pressure as you move away from the Earth's surface. | air pressure decreases while altitude increases, and fewer gas molecules are above you. |
| Explain why parts of the Atmosphere are warmer than others. | because they contain a high percentaage of gases that absorb solar energy. Parts of the Atmosphere that are cooler contain less of these gases. |
| The coldest layer of the atmosphere, middle layer | mesosphere |
| Atmosphere layer including the ozone layer, gases are layered and don't mix | stratosphere |
| Layer of the Atmosphere closest to Earth contains 90% of the atmosphere's mass | troposhere |
| Uppermost layer of the Atmosphere, lack of particle density, little thermal energy transfer | thermosphere |
| How are the layers of the Atmoshere defined? | The layers of the atmosphere are all kinds of different temperatures and there are 4 different layers |
| Electrically charged particles are called_________ | ions |
| In polar regions, ions radiate energy in the ionsphere as shimmering lights called _______ | auroras |
| How long does it take the sun's energy to reach the Earth? | about 8 minutes |
| What percentage of the energy radiated by the sun reaches the Earth's surface? | two-billonths |
| What percentage of the sun's energy that reaches the Earth is absorbed by Earth's surface | 50% |
| What percentage of the sun's energy that reaches the Earth is absorbed by ozone, clouds, and atmospheric gases? | 20% |
| Most of the Solar energy that reaches the Earth's atmosphere is absorbed by the _______ __________ | earth's surface |
| transfer of energy as heat through a material | thermal conduction |
| transfer of energy by circulation or movement of a gas or liquid | convection |
| circular movement of warm air rising and cool air sinking | convection current |
| transfer of energy as electromagnetic waves | radiation |
| Explain what process produces the greenhouse effect | Atmospheric gases, such as water vapor and carbon dioxide, absorb thermal energy and radiate it back to the Earth. The gases function like the glass walls and roof of greenhouse, allowing solar energy to enter and preventing thermal energy from escaping |
| The balance between incoming solar energy and outgoing energy radiated into space is called ____ ______ | radiation balance |
| A gradual increase in average global temperature is called _______ ________ | global warming |
| What are greenhouse gases? | gases that absorb thermal energy in the atmosphere |
| What causes differences in air pressure? | unequal heating of the Earth |
| The movement of air caused by differences in air presure is called ______. | wind |
| Air is warmer and less dense than surrounding air at the equator because the equator recieves more | solar energy |
| Because air at the poles in colder and denser than surrounding air, it ______ | sinks |
| High pressure areas are created around the poles as cold air _____ | sinks |
| after high pressure ares created around the poles, cold polar air flows toward the _______ | equator |
| Warm air ______ and cold air _______ | rises and sinks |
| Large circular patterns of air movement are called _____ | convention cells |
| Bands of high pressure and low pressure found every 30 degrees of latitude are called _______ ______ | pressure belts |
| winds that blow from 30 degrees latitude in both hemisperes almost to the equator | trade winds |
| the area around the equator where trade winds meet | doldrums |
| wind formed as cold, sinking air moves from the poles to 60 degrees north and 60 degrees south latitude | polar easterlies |
| winds that blow from west to east between 30 and 60 degrees latitude in both hemisperes | westerlies |
| area in which sinking air creates high pressure and weak winds at about 30 north and 30 south degrees latitude | horse latitudes |
| Narrow belts of high speed winds in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere are called ______ ________ | jet streams |
| Explain how geographic features can cause local winds. | Local geographic features such as shoreline or mountain can produce temperature differences that cause local winds. |
| The contamination of the atmosphere by the introduction of pollutants fromm human and natural sources is _____ _______ | Air pollution |
| Examples of primary air pollutants are carbon monoxide, smoke, and _______ ____ | volcanic ash |
| Explain how secondary pollutants are formed | When primary pollutants react with other primary pollutants or with naturally occuring substances, secondary pollutants form |
| List two examples of secondary pollutants | ozone, and smog |
| What is one way local geography plays a part in smog formation in Los Angeles | it is almost completely surrounded by mountains that trap pollutants and contribute to smog formation |
| How much of the human-caused air pollution in the United States is caused by cars/ | 205 |
| Acid precipitation contains rain, sleet, or snow with a high concentration of acids that come from | air pollution |
| When sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxide combine with water in the atmosphere they form _____ ______ | air pollution |
| When acid precipitation causes the acidity of soil to increase, it is called _______ | acidifacation |
| A rapid change in the acidity of a body of water is called ____ _____ | acid shock |
| How long do CFC molecules remain active in the stratosphere? | 60 to 120 years |
| what is the main problem caused by the ozone hole? | The ozone hole allows more uv radiation to reach the Earth's surface |
| What are three effects of air pollution on human health? | coughing, headaches, an increase in asthma related problem, and lung cancer |
| In the United States, the law that gives the Environmental Protection Agency the authority to control the amount of air pollution is the _______ _______ ______ | Clean Air Act |
| What are two ways car manufacturers are using to reduce air pollution? | They make cars that run on hydrogen or natural gas: they make hybrid cars that use both gasoline and electrical power |
| A mixture of gases surrounding a planet is the ___________ | atmosphere |
| The most common atmospheric gas is _________ | nitrogen |
| only _____ of ht eatmosphere is oxygen | 21% |
| Phytoplankton and plants produce the atmosphere's _____ | oxygen |
| Most water in the atmosphere is in _________ | water vapor |
| Gas molecules in the atmosphere are pulled toward the Earth by | gravity |
| The measure of the force with which air molecules push on a surface is called ____ _________ | air pressure |
| Explain what happens to air pressure as you move away from the Earth's surface. | Air pressure decreases while altitude increases, and fewer gas molecules are above you |
| Explain why parts of the atmosphere are warmer than others. | because they contain a high percentage of gases that absorb solar energy. Parts of the atmosphere that are cooler contain less of these gases |
| coldest layer of the atmosphere, middle layer | mesosphere |
| atmosphere layer including the ozone layer, gases are layered and don't mix | stratosphere |
| layer of the atmosphere closest to Earth contains 90% of atmosphere's mass | troposphere |
| uppermost layer of the atmosphere, lack of particle density, little thermal energy transfer | thermosphere |
| How are the layers of the atmosphere defined? | They are all kinds of different temperatures and there are four different layers |
| Electrically charged particles are called | ions |
| In polar regions, ions radiate energy in the ionsphere as shimmering lights called ______ | auroras |
| How long does it take the sun's energy to reach the Earth? | about 8 minutes |
| What percentage of the energy radiated by the sun reaches the earth's surface? | two-billionths |
| What percentage of the sun's energy that reaches the Earth is absorbed by Earth's surface? | 50% |
| What percentage of the sun's energy that reaches the Earth is absorbed by ozone, smog, and atmospheric gases? | 20% |
| Most of the solar energy that reaches the Earth's surface atmosphere is absorbed by the ____ ____ | Earth's surface |
| transfer of energy as heat through a material | thermal conduction |
| transfer of energy by circulation or movement of a gas or liquid | convection |
| circular movement of warm air rising and cool air sinking | convection current |
| transfer of energy as electromagnetic waves | radiation |
| Explain what process produces the greenhouse effect | Atmospheric gases, such as water vapor and carbon monoxide, absorb thermal energy and radiate it back to Earth. the gases function like the glass walls and roof of a greenhouse, allowing solar energy to enter and preventing thermal energy from escaping. |
| The balance between incoming solar energy and outgoing energy radiated into space is called ________ _________ | radiation balance |
| a gradual increase in average global temperature is called _____ _______ | global warming |
| What are greenhouse gases | gases that absorb thermal energy in the atmosphere |
Created by:
Unishop