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AP Psych - Ch16
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Social Psychology | The branch of psychology concerned with the way individuals thoughts and feelings, behaviors are influenced by others |
| Person Perception | the process of forming impressions of others |
| Social schemas | Clusters of ideas about categories of social events and people that we use to organize the world arround us |
| Stereotypes | widely held beliefs that people have certain characteristics because of their membership in a particular group |
| Illusory correlation | Error that occurs when we estimate that we have encountered more confirmations of an association between social traits than we have actually seen |
| Attributions | Inferences that people draw about the causes of events, other' behavior, and their own behavior |
| Internal attributions | attributing the causes of behavior to personal dispositions, traits, abilities, and feelings |
| External Attributions | attributing the causes of behavior to situational demands and environmental constraints |
| fundamental attribution error | the tendency of an observer to favor internal attributions in explaining the behavior of an actor |
| defensive attribution | the tendency to blame victims for their misfortune so that we feel less likely to be victimized in a similar way |
| self serving bias | the tendency to attribute our positive outcomes to personal factors and our negative outcomes to situational factors |
| interpersonal attraction | liking or positive feeling towards another |
| foot-in-the-door technique | getting people to agree to small request to increase the chances that they will agree to a larger request later |
| matching hypothesis | the observation that males and females of approximately equal physical attractiveness are likely to select each other as partners |
| reciprocity | liking those who show that they like us |
| ingratiation | a conscious effort to cultivate other's liking by complimenting them, agreeing with them, doing favors for them and so on |
| passionate love | a complete absorption in another person that includes tender sexual feelings and the agony of ecstacy of intense emotion |
| companionate love | a warm, trusting, tolerant affection for another who's life is deeply intertwined with one's own |
| intimacy | warmth, closeness, and sharing in a relationship |
| commitment | the intent to maintain a relationship in spite of the difficulties and costs that may arise |
| attitudes | positive or negative evaluation of objects of thought; may include cognitive behaviornal and emotional components |
| source | the person who sends a communication |
| receiver | the person to whom the message is sent |
| message | the information transmitted by the source |
| channel | the medium through which the message is sent |
| latitude of acceptance | a range of potentially acceptable positions on an issue centered arround one's initial attitude position |
| ethnocentrism | a tendency to evaluate people in outgroups less favorably than those in one's own group |
| cognitive dissonance | situation that exists when related cognition are inconsistent |
| conformity | yielding to real or imagined social pressure |
| lowball technique | involves getting someone to commit to an attractive deal before its hidden costs are revealed |
| obedience | a form of compliance that occurs when people follow direct commands, usually from someone in a position of authority |
| collectivism | involves putting group goals ahead of personal goals and defining one's idenity in terms of the group one belongs to |
| individualism | involves putting personal goals ahead of group goals and defining one's identity in terms of the group one belongs to |
| group | two or more individuals who interact and are interdependent |
| bystander effect | the apparent paradox that people are less likely to provide needed help when they are in groups then when they are alone |
| social loafing | a reduction in effort by individuals when they work together as compared to when they work by themselves |
| group polarization | situation that occurs when group discussion strengthens a groups dominant point of view and produces a shift toward a more extreme decision in that direction |
| groupthink | phenomenon that occurs when members of a cohesive group emphasize concurrence at the expense of critical thinking in arriving at decisions |
| ingroup | the group that one identifies with and belongs to |
| outgroup | people who are not part of the ingroup |
| grou[ cohesiveness | the strength of the liking relationships linking group members to each other and to the group itself |
| prejudice | a negative attitude held toward members of a group |
| discrimination | behaving differently, usually unfairly, toward the members of a group |
| reciprocity norm | the rule that we should pay back when we receive something from others; may be sused in an influence strategy |
Created by:
msiron2000