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What is Plato's historical context?
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What are Sophists?
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Plato: The Republic
Philos Midterm
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is Plato's historical context? | 4th century BC in Athens which is a city-state and a direct democracy.During the Golden Age. |
| What are Sophists? | Teachers of rhetoric. Taught you how to speak, win the argument, and gain public support. Didn't have morals. All about what I want and how do I get it? Who is to say what's right and what's wrong? |
| Who was Socrates? | Plato's teacher. Got in trouble for "corrupting the youth" by telling them to always question things before believing it. Caught in the middle between traditionalists (no questions, follow rules) and sophists (no rules). |
| What is the Socratic method? | Teacher calls on people at random. Teaches through discussion. Asking questions is the key factor. Truth isn't with the teacher or students. It's existing somewhere and we have to discuss things to get as close to it as possible. |
| What is a thesis? | The law, whether you believe it's morally right or wrong |
| What is an anti-thesis? | Not following a law because it isn't just. |
| Do Socrates and Plato believe in the existence of an objective truth? Do Sophists? | Yes and no |
| Who is Cephalus and what does he believe justice is? How did Socrates counter his argument? | Old, wealthy man. Believed justice is paying back debts, ALWAYS. Socrates says what if you borrowed a weapon from someone and they went insane? Would you STILL pay them back? |
| Who is Polemarcus and what does he believe justice is? How did Socrates counter his argument? | Son of Cephalus. Believed justice is giving people their due except if it will hurt a friend. Reward friends and punish enemies. Loyalty is justice. Socrates say no, what if you misjudge a friend who is an enemy or if your friend is actually bad? |
| Who is Thracymacus and what does he believe justice is? How did Socrates counter his argument? | He is a Sophist who believes in the advantage of the stronger. Might = right. Justice will be decided by who is in power. Socrates says but then there is no way to disagree and say things are unjust. What if those in power are wrong/corrupt? |
| What does Thracymacus thinks is better in order for those in power to get what they want? | Better to be unjust. Socrates says no because it's morally unjust. |
| Who is Glaucon and what does he believe justice is? | Glaucon thinks you should avoid being victims of injustice. I'd cheat or drive drunk if I can get away with it but I wouldn't want others doing that too. Soooo it's a good thing there are rules to prevent everyone from doing it. |
| Who is Adeimantus and what does he believe justice is? How did Socrates counter his argument? | Hypocrite. It's in your self interest to be just AND unjust at the same time. Have a reputation for being good but really be bad. Socrates says the art is to do things right and not fake it. You're not a true teacher if your students don't really learn. |
| In order to understand justice for the individual, you must first examine justice for what? Who believed this? | The state. Plato and Socrates. (Some may think the other way around. understand justice for the state to understand it for the individual) |
| What is the perfect state according to Plato? | The ideal way to judge reality. It doesn't exist but it's what you compare reality to. Reality should strive to be perfect. |
| What are the 4 virtues in the perfect state? | Wisdom: not just habit. understanding of subject. courage: bravery to step up soberness: accept who you are/your role justice: everybody does what they're best at |
| What are the 3 classes in the perfect state? | Rulers: guardians. must have wisdom. duty to serve. Warriors: also guardians in a more physical sense. duty to protect.must have courage artisans/smiths: healing, build, etc. do what you're best at |
| What are the 3 parts of the soul in a perfect state? | Reason: provides soul with wisdom. tells you whats right and wrong. spirit: provides the courage to follow reason. appetite: takes care of bodily needs. |
| What is aristocracy/meritocracy? | Ruled by the best |
| What is Plato's theory of forms? | We need a common understanding of something by which we compare reality to. For example, we can all agree that bunnies and feathers form the idea of softness. Same with the perfect state. |
| What does the screen, fire, and sun represent in the allegory of the cave? | The screen shows reflection of light, but not the real thing. Fire is behind the screen and it's a form of light but still not the truth. Sun is the truth. You must walk out of the cave towards the truth. You might be blinded at first but you'll get there |
| Describe the education of the guardians in a perfect state. | First 10 years is art and gym. Women allowed. Then military service. Then 10 yrs of math for logic. Then philosophy for wisdom for 5 years. Then 10-15 years of public service. lastly, you become a philosopher kind at about 50 years old. You rule. |
| What are the roles for women in Plato's perfect state? | They can attain the same virtues as men (reason, courage, etc) bc virtues are assexual. However, they shouldn't rule... just advise. Then they can have smart babies. |
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eidahhilo