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ap euro ch. 4 sg
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What does the zone of Europe mean? | 500 mile radius from Paris |
| What does the zone include? | Scotland, England, Italy, France, and the Netherlands |
| What observations may be made at the significance of western Europe in the development of modern civilization since about 1650? | -development of capitalism, parliamentary government, democratic ideas, machine industry -the Netherlands developed a republic |
| What two events define the world leadership of Western Europe? | Peace of Westphalia and Peace of Augsburg (Thirty Years War) |
| What general statements may be made about the nature of Louis XIV's rule in France and about the role of France in European affairs during his reign? | -setting standards of edicate, clothes, and cooking -longest monarchy (72 yrs) |
| what was the language of learning? | French, pro-French interest and culture |
| Why did Louis XIV's foreign policy arouse the opposition of the rest of Europe? | -idea and drive toward universal monarchy -annexing of the Spanish Netherlands and French Comte -obtaining the Spanish Empire(inheritance) for himself |
| what did Louis XIV want to do with other countries? | he wanted to subordinate or place them under his control many other countries and states |
| what did the statesman aim to do with the concept of balance of power? | acted in the interest of the government, worried about balance of power -wanted to pursue in 17th and 18th centuries |
| What was the nature of balance of power that was employed against Louis XIV? | -statesman wanted to preserve countries independence of action |
| Of what broad sig had the balance of power been in diplomatic history? | will ally together against any state threatened to dominate Europe -surrounding countries concerned about power |
| What do the Dutch excel in? | Biology, anatomy, painting and international law |
| What is a major economic factor of the Dutch? | shipping "the carrying trade" |
| what can we see the accomplishments of the Dutch through? | cultural and political accomplishments are seen through independent and some what approach to life |
| what are some intellectual accomplishments of the Dutch? | 2 major universities -neither university had to answer the church which allowed them to flourish -develop. of art that was distinctively theirs and expressive of scenes and people -microscopes |
| What religious policy did the Dutch adopt in the 17th century? | toleration |
| what was the major economic business of the Dutch? | shipping |
| what evidence can we provide from the naval and commercial power of the Dutch? | -had colonies from Brazil, Portugal,S. Africa, Japan, Shrilanka, to S. Pacific -trading rights -owned most of N. Europe |
| How is it that Amsterdam became the finan | -kings debased $ -coins traded into Bank of Amsterdam for consistent Dutch Florens -Dutch guarenteed safety of deposits in the bank |
| Florens were: | consistent in weight and purity |
| How did the Dutch become in conflict with Louis XIV? | Louis XIV's army moved into the Spanish Netherlands -Dutch ships are being effected |
| What were the two classes that supported parliament? | House of Lords(land owning) -House of Commons (gentry) |
| What did the classes that supported parliament represent? | upper echlons of the British land owning society, made up of (nobility and land owning gentry) |
| Who did arch bishop Laud have trouble dealing with during the reign of Charles I? | Puritans and non conformity groups |
| What problem did John Hampden have with ship money? | he sued the gov because he did not want to pay because he was not a part of the coastal towns |
| What did the parliamentary class represent the ideas derived from? | Middle Ages(before Magna Carta and model parliament) |
| Why did the civil war begin? | b/c both sides are willing to take up arms |
| who was Cromwell? | new leader to the puritan army power in E and S king had power in N and W |
| What did the legislative government do? | opposed policies of king and will form against king common wealth was established |
| What was the legacy of the revolution? | backlash against common rule. -against era of standing armies -major generals -grim puritans |
| Of what sig. was the legislation enacted by the Restoration Parliament? | -restored monarchy and church of englands old rights -parliaments resumption of its pre-1640 position of authority -English aristocracy position of authority is established |
| How did the Whigs and Tories differ? | Whigs-exclusionists suspicious of king Tories-supported king |
| why was the glorious revolution significant? | b/c it established the primacy of parliamentary gov |
| why have historians deglorified the revolution? | aristocracy reaffirming power -landowning class of people taking out people -historians see this as a class movement of landed aristocracy |
| consequences of glorious rev for Ireland: | -the catholic Irish could not hold political office because of bias -glorious rev period excluded catholics from public life |
| What was the Fronde? | rebellion lead by nobility and local parlements against cardinal Mazzarine |
| who was mazzarine? | chief minister |
| what did mazzarine want to tax? | salt and land |
| parlement: | representative board with various army |
| the closer you are to paris the_____ the _______ tax was | higher, salt |
| What did Colbert focus on? | 5 great farms tariff union in central tax |
| what was the 5 great farms designed to create? | trade, commerce, manufacturing |
| Why was the Edict on Nantes revoked? | he thought religious unity was necessary for monarch strength and dignity |
| what features of the War of the Spanish Succession made it distinctive? | -less destruction -easily supplied -involved many empires |
| Why was the War of the Spanish Succession fought? | over the disposition of the Spanish empire |
| What were the effects of the Treaties of Utrecht and Rastadt of 1713 and 1714? | territory of Spain was partitioned |
| Who were the Great Winners of the war of the Spanish succession? | the British |
| With asiento what were the British allowed to do? | they could smuggle and travel freely over the Spanish Americas |
| What did the Magna Carta ensure? | it was a contract that ensured nobody could violate your property and your rights |
| What was model parliament? | a radical new idea for any monarch could ask for anything |
| What did the Elizabethan Bargain do to parliament? | -parliament would have the power to tax -could debate and amend disputed bills |
| What did the Elizabethan Bargain do to the monarchs? | -had the royal perogative on foreign policy |
| What did James I want? | absolute power |
| What did Charles I do with the church? | formalized how church practiced anything from weddings to sunday service |
| What was ship money? | a tax on coastal cities for defense |
| The petition of rights: | -no imprisonment w/o due cause -no taxation w/o parliamentary consent -no putting soldiers in private homes -no martial law during peacetime |
| Royalist(cavaliers): | -loyal to king -House of Lords -N and W in England -aristocracy -land owners -rural |
| Parliamentarians (round heads): | -House of commons -S and E England -puritans -merchants -townspeople -urban |
| Habeas corpus: | had to be charged with something to be in jail |
| Sun King- | Louis 14th king of France and Navarre |
| universal monarchy | balance of power |
| estates general of the united provinces | delegates from respectice 7 prvinces |
| William III | born into the house of orange married mary and had to abide by the rules of petition of rights |
| English Nav. Act of 1652 | goods brought into England had to be taken on English ships |
| English Dutch Wars | English demanded ships salute to the English flag at the channel created war |
| Baruch Spinoza | a family of refugee Portuguese Jews that were philosophers |
| Jan Vermeer | famous for his artwork and the light of god coming through the window |
| puritan | more extreme calvinistic protestants, engaged in civil war against moderate protestants |
| James IV of Scotland | son of Mary Stuart, philosopher of royal absolutism |
| Long Parliament | charles convoked English parliament dissolved it and called for new elections |
| pride's purge | when the long parliament sunk down to fewer members leaving a rump |
| instruments of the government | Cromwell devised himself a written constitution |
| Charles II | upheld the established church |
| Test Act | reqired all officeholders to take the communion of the Church on England |
| Glorious Revolution | william and mary were put on the english throne and constitutional liberties of england were save b/c protestant remained the official religion on england |
| William and Mary | Mary Stuart wife of William of Orange stadholder of the Netherlands William invaded england and forced James II to flee to France |
| Bill of Rights | was stipulated so no law could be suspended by the king and no taxes could be raised w/o parliamentary consent |
| Act of Settlement of 1701 | act stated no catholic could be king of France except descendants of James II |
| Toleration Act | allowed Protestant dissenters to practice their religion freely |
| Cardinal Mazzarin | kept the nobility from ruling over France |
| Versailles | old village that had the atmosphere of a monestary |
| Intendents | represented councils throughout the country |
| Colbert | Louis XIV minister |
| War of the League of Augsburg | french tried to drive the english off the field/sea |
| Phillip V | helped revive the Spanish monarchy |
| asiento | granted the privalege of providing Spanish Americans with slaves |
| How do english and dutch come into conflict in the 17th century? | english nav act |
| In england what is the main source of wealth during the 17th century? | land |
| what did the levellers demand? | a nearly manhood sufferage -equality of representation -britain constitution -suboordination of parliament |
| describe gov under parliament? | religious toleration was decreed except for unitarians and atheists |
| what policies did cromwell follow? | -policies of force restriction, martial law |
| what happened to the irish in ethnic uprisings? | 40% of them were killed |
| what policies did cromwell follow toward foreign affairs? | were in english interest |
| what were the 3 areas Louis 14th wanted to obtain? | spanish netherlands, french comte, and spain |
| what policies did cromwell follow toward new radical ideas? | he oppressed them (had no problem) |
| How did religious matters bring parliament and king into conflict? | James II was placing catholics into positions of authority |
| What did Bishop Boussets Doctorine of Loyal Absolutism? | king had the right to execute total authority but must rule justly and reasonably in accordance with will of god |
| How did Louis XIV develop the state in modern form? | developed fuel national gov -sets standards for leg rule laws -universal law |
| Describe Louis XIV's foreign policy in the years prior to the War of the Spanish Succession. | wanted grandson to be ruler of Spain (Bourbon monarchy) -friends with local nobility |
Created by:
stephanie_solomon21