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chem 120
chapter 5,6,7
Question | Answer |
---|---|
Force = | mass X acceleration |
What is the Si unit of force | Newton |
Pressure | Force/area |
1 atm in Pascals | 101,325 Pa |
Boyle's Law | The pressure exerted by a gas is inversely proportional to the volume the gas occupies. |
Pressure X Volume = | Constant |
Charles law | At constant pressure, the volume of a gas is directly proportional to the temperature in K of the gas |
Avogadro's law | For aq gas at a constant temperature and pressure the volume is directly proportional to the number of moles of gas |
The ideal gas law | Is a combination of all three gas laws pv=nRT |
Dalton's law of partial pressure | For a mixture of gases in a container the total pressure is the sum of the pressure that each gas would exert if it were alone |
Temperature | a measure of the average kinetic energy of a gas |
Diffusion | relates to the mixing of the gases |
Effusion | relates to the passag of a gas through an oriface into an evacuated chamber. |
energy | The capacity to produce work or heat |
Kinetic Energy | The energy of motion= 1/2 mass X(velocity)^2 |
Potential Energy | Energy that can be converted into useful work |
Heat | Involves the transfer of energy between two objects |
System | that which we are foccusing on |
Surroundings | everything else in the univerese |
Exothermic | Energy (as heat) flows out of the system |
Endothermic | Energy (as heat ) flows into the system |
When a system expands | it is doing positive work on the surroundings and negative work on the system |
When the system contracts | the surroundings have work done on the system there is positive work done on the system |
w= | -P X delta V |
The first law or The law of conservation | energy can be converted from one form to another but it can be neither created nor destroyed |
Delta E = | Q (heat) + W (work) |
Wavelength | Is the distance between two consecutive points in a wave |
Frequency | The number of waves per second that pass a given point in space |
Speed of light | (c) is in meters per second |
Planck's constant | 6.626*10^-34 |
Heisenburgs Uncertainty Principle | There is a limit to just how precise we can know both the posistion and mommentum of a particle at any given time |
Hunds rule | The lowest energy configuration for an atom is the one having the maximum number of unpaired electrons for a set of degenerate orbitals |
H+ | Hydrogen |
Li+ | Lithium |
Na+ | Sodium |
K+ | Pottasium |
Cs+ | Cesium |
Be2+ | Berryllium |
Mg2+ | Magnesium |
Ca2+ | Calcium |
Ba2+ | Barium |
Al3+ | Aluminum |
H- | Hydride |
F- | Flouride |
Cl- | chloride |
Br- | Bromide |
I- | Iodide |
O2- | Oxide |
S2- | Sulfide |
N3- | Nitride |
P3-` | Phosphide |
Hg2^2+ | Mercury (I) |
NH4+ | Ammonium |
NO2- | Nitrite |
NO3- | Nitrate |
SO3^2- | Sulfite |
SO4^2- | Sulfate |
Hso4- | Hydrogen Sulfate |
OH- | Hydroxide |
CN- | Cyanide |
PO4^3- | Phosphte |
HPO4^2- | Hydrogen Phosphate |
H2PO4- | Dihydrogen Phosphate |
NCS- | Thiocynate |
CO3^2- | Carbonate |
HCO3- | Hydrogen Carbonate |
ClO- | Hypochlorite |
ClO2- | Chlorite |
ClO3- | Chlorate |
ClO4- | Perchlorate |
C2H3O2- | Acetate |
MnO4- | Permanganate |
Cr2O7^2- | Dichromate |
CrO4^2- | Chromate |
O2^2- | Peroxide |
C2O4^2- | Oxalate |
S2O3^2- | Thiosulfate |
Mono | 1 |
Di | 2 |
tri- | 3 |
tetra | 4 |
penta | 5 |
hexa | 6 |
hepta | 7 |
octa | 8 |
nona | 9 |
deca | 10 |
Nitrate - Soluble or Insoluble | soluble |
Alkali Metals (Li, Na, K, Cs, Rb, NH4)- Soluble or Insoluble | soluble |
Chloride, Bromide, Iodide - Soluble or Insoluble | soluble except Ag, Pb, Hg2 |
Sulfate - Soluble or Insoluble | soluble except Ba, Pb, Hg2, Ca |
Hydroxide - Soluble or Insoluble | insoluble except Na, K |
Sulfide, Carbonate, Chromate, Phosphate - Soluble or Insoluble | insoluble except Li, Na, K, Cs, Rb, NH4 |