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History Ch 10 Notes

QuestionAnswer
Who was Antiquity's greatest astronomer? Ptolemy
Ptolemy was a 2nd century _________. astronomer
__________- Earth is the ______ of the universe. Geocentric Theory, center
Ptolemaic system- universe is ______ spheres, Earth is ___ & ____ and the ____th sphere was where ________ & the _____ soul's resided. concentric fixed motionless 10 God saved
Copernicus wrote _______________ On the Revolution of the Heavenly Spheres
On the Revolution of the Heavenly Spheres was written by __________ Copernicus
Who is related with the Heliocentric theory? Copernicus
________- sun created universe, _____ not _____, was the center of the universe. Heliocentric Theory sun earth
Who destroyed the Ptolemaic system? Johannes Kepler
Johannes Kepler believed in a _____________ orbit of ______ and not _______. elliptical planets circular
Who believed in a system which planets had an egg shaped (Elliptical) orbit and not circular. Johannes Kepler
Who used a telescope to observe the heavens? Galileo Galilei
Galileo Galilei observed _____ on _____. mountains moon
Who observed 4 moons orbiting Jupiter? Galileo Galilei
Who did Galilei get in trouble with? For what reason? Catholic Church for stating that the sun was the center of the universe, not Earth.
What did Galileo's statement about the sun being the center of the universe, not Earth, have to do with the Catholic Church? It meant that God was no longer in one place
Who created the universal law of gravitational? Issac Newton
What is the universal law of gravitational? Every object in the universe is attracted to every other object by a force called gravity.
Every object in the universe is attracted to every other object by a force called gravity is the definition of what? the universal law of gravitational
Galen used _____ not ____ for dissection. animals humans
Why did Galen dissect animals? To get an idea of the human body
Galen was _______ AD 2nd century
Who wrote On the Fabric of the Human Body? Andrew Vesalius
Name the work that Andrew Vesalius wrote. On the Fabric of the Human Body
_____ presented and accurate view of the ____ body and a general ____ of the ______ body. Andrew Vesalius human structure human
Like Galen, Andrew Vesalius thought the body had ______ ____ of ____. two types blood.
Andrew Vesalius overthrew whose theory of the human body? Galen's
Andrew Vesalius dissected _______ bodies. human! :O ...sicko
Who showed that the HEART not liver was the beginning part of blood circulation? William HARVEY
Harvey discovered that ___ circulates through the _____ _____. blood whole body
What is Robert Boyle known for? Boyle's Law
What is Boyle's Law? Volume of gas varies with the pressure exerted on it.
Antoine Lavoisier is the founder of ... modern chemistry
Who invented a system for naming the chemical elements? Lavoisier
Lavoisier invented a system for ____ the _______ _____. naming chemical elements
Who was critical in the belief that humans, through science, were masters of nature? Margaret Cavendish
Margaret Cavendish was critical in the belief that ____, through _____, were masters of ____. humans science nature
Maria Winkleman was a female ... *****astronomer! ***
Who discovered a comet? Maria Winkleman!
______ ______ wouldn't hire whom and for what reason? Berlin Academy Winkleman because she was a female
Father of Modern Rationalism? Descartes
Descartes believed that _____ is the chief source of _____. Reason Knowledge.
The _____ is the procedure for collecting and _____ data. Scientific Method
Data is _____ & _____ during the Scientific Method Collected & Analyzed
Who is most responsible for the scientific method and inductive reasoning? Francis Bacon
Bacon is most responsible for ____ & _____________. inductive reasoning & the scientific method
__________- systematic observations carefully organized experiments to test theories that would eventually lead to clear principals. Inductive reasoning
______ was an 18th century movement inspired by the Scientific Revolution. The Enlightenment
The Enlightenment was inspired by _____ the Scientific Revolution
Enlightenment thinkers wanted to make a ______ ______ by using _____ to solve many _____ problems. better society science social
Who argued that people are born with tabula rasa? John Locke
What is tabula rasa? blank mind
Who studied the governments to find the natural laws governing social and political relationships? Montesquieu
Spirit of the Laws- how many branches? (Name names) 3 Executive , Judicial, & Legislative
3 types of government- republics, monarchies, and despotism.
Separation of Powers- controlled by ______________&____________________ checks & balances
Whose ideas influenced the American framers of the Constitution? Montesquieu
Greatest figure of the Enlightenment? Voltaire
Voltaire criticized... Christianity
Deism-believed the world is like a _____ that ____ created and let it run without his _____. clock God interaction
Voltaire fought hard for... religious toleration
________ made the Encyclopedia. Diderot
________ was made to "change the general way of thinking" Encyclopedia
Founder of modern Economics? Smith
Laissez-faire --to let people do _____ they _____. what want
______ to let people do what they want Laissez - faire
Who wanted a hands off economy? Smith
Government ______ ______ with ______ economic process by inspiring ______. shouldn't interfere natural regulations
Who wrote the Wealth of Nations? Smith
What book did Smith write? Wealth of Nations
Government has 3 functions: Protect ____ from ____ Defending _____ from ____ ____ public ____ society, invasion citizens, injustice Maintain, works
The Later Enlightenment: People formed ____ to ____ their private _____. governments protect property
Social contract- members of a ____ agree to be ____ by the _____ will, which ____ what's best for _____. society governed general represents society
Rights of Women: Vindication of the Rights of Women (Women should have the same rights as men) Who said it? Mary Wollstonecraft
Wollstonecraft believed in the ... Vindication of the Rights of Women
What's Vindication of the Rights of Women? women should have the same rights as men
Religion of the Enlightenment: Whose the founder of the Methodist church? John Wesley
What was John Wesley the founder of? Methodist Church
"the gift of god's grace" assured ...... him of his salvation
what assured them of salvation? "the gift of god's grace"
The Enlightenment impacted the ---- culture
What's Rococo? a new art style
What did Rococo emphasize? grace,charm, and gentle action
Who was the greatest Rococo painter? Antione Watteau
__________-German , Baroque standout Johann Sebastien Bach
------composed Messiah Frederick
Another German Baroque standout George Frederick
Who composed the Creation? Haydn
Known for symphonies and operas Mozart
Mozart was considered the greatest what of all time composer
Mozart was a child prodigy, composing his first symphony when he was... 8 years old
_____ believed in natural rights for everyone philosophers
Enlightenment rulers were to protect & preserve what? their own version of the Bill of Rights
Monarchs tried to govern by Enlightenment principles while retaining royal power in... Enlightenment Absolutism
Another name for Frederick II? Frederick the Great of Prussia
He adopted ..... Enlightenment ideas
Frederick II abolished ... except in .... torture treason & murder cases
Granted limited freedom of ..., ...., and ...... speech, press, and religious tolerance
Who came to power in 1740? Maria Theresa of Austria
she centralized ... and strengthened the ... the Austrian empire state's power
did she adopt Enlightenment principles? nope
Maria's successor Joesph II
he abolished.... serfdom and death penalty
who believed in religious tolerance? Joesph II
Created by: Alysa
 

 



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