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AP English
List of terms to know for the Ch. 3 Test
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Arrangement | The order, structure, and support of parts in a piece |
| Style | Choice of words, phrases, and sentences |
| Delivery | Presentation |
| Context | The situation; audience, purpose, and occasion |
| The Three Appeals | Logos, pathos, and ethos |
| Invention | Material generated in a clear, appealing way |
| Systematic Invention | Journalist questions, Kenneth Burke's pentad, The Enthymeme, and topics |
| Intuitive Invention | Open and spontaneous |
| The Journalist's Q's | Who, what, when, where, why, how |
| Dramatistic Pentad | Act, scene, agent, agency, purpose |
| Ratios | Analysis and invention of a situation |
| Casuistries | Mental games when analyzing/planning a text |
| Syllogism | Logical reasoning from beliefs and statements |
| Major premise | Irrefutable generalization |
| Minor premise | Specific statement under the general category |
| Conclusion | Follows the major and minor premise |
| Enythmeme | Invention of ideas revolves around this |
| Aristotle's Topics | Possible/impossible, past fact, future fact, greater/less |
| Rhetorical Modes | Where writers use reasoning to generate ideas |
| Common topics | Definition, division, comparison/contrast, relationships, circumstances, testimony |
| Jargon | Specialized words |
| Three Categories of Style | Sentences, words, figures |
| Compound Sentence | Two independent clauses |
| Complex Sentence | One ind. clause, one subordinate clause |
| Compound-Complex Sentence | Both compound and complex |
| Empathetic Locations in a Sentence | End or beginning |
| Loose Sentences | Basic sentence with details added at end |
| Periodic Sentences | Basic sentence with details before basic elemenents or in the middle of them |
| Parallelism | Parallel structure |
| Diction | Word choice |
| The Ladder of Abstraction | Top is general, abstract terms, middle is more specific, bottom is specific, concrete |
| Formal and Informal Words | Depends on context |
| Latinate Words | More formal; Latin root + a prefix/suffix/both |
| Common Terms | Simple, direct |
| Jargon | Confusing language, used in a specific community |
| Slang | Language particular to a group; or informal |
| Denotation | Literal meaning |
| Connotation | Implied meaning |
| Scheme | Artful variation form the typical arrangement of words in a sentence |
| Trope | Artful variation from the typical or expected way a word or ideas is expressed |
| Antithesis | Parallelism used to juxtapose words, phrases, or clauses that contrast |
| Parallelism of Words | ...benefit heart and lungs, muscles and nerves, and joints and cartilage |
| Parallelism of Phrases | ...help them breathe, move with less pain, and avoid injury |
| Parallelism of Clauses | ...that x is most efficient, that x shows greater gains, that x, etc. |
| Antithesis of Words | ...when distance runners..., they find themselves engaged yet detached |
| Antithesis of Phrases | ...when distance runners..., they find themselves engaged with x yet detached from x |
| Antithesis of Clauses | ...when distance runners..., find that they are x yet they are x |
| Antimetabole | Words are repeated in different grammatical forms (noun into a verb, verb into a noun, etc.) |
| Appositive | Construction in which two elements are side by side; second explains/modifies the first |
| Ellipsis | Omission of words |
| Asyndeton | Omission of conjunctions between related clauses |
| Alliteration | Rep. of consonants at beginning or middle of two or more adj. words (it's an s, s, s s) |
| Assonance | Rep. of vowels in stressed syllables of two or more adj. words (a kInd, relIable, Right) |
| Anaphora | Rep. of same group of words at beg. of successive clauses (x builds y; x builds z; x builds w) |
| Epistrophe | Rep. of same group of words at the end of successive clauses (I x'd like a z; I y'd like a z) |
| Anadiplosis | Rep. of last word of one clause at beg. of following (z does y; y does b; b does x) |
| Climax | Rep. of words, phrases, or clauses in increasing order of importance |
| Climbing the Ladder | Anadiplosis and climax |
| Repetition Schemes | Alliteration, Assonance, Anaphora, Epistrophe, Anadiplosis, Climax |
| Omission Schemes | Ellipsis and asyndeton |
| Interruption Schemes | Paranthesis and appositive |
| Balance Schemes | Parallelism of words, phrases, clauses and antithesism of w, p, cl |
| Metaphor | Comparison using is/was |
| Simile | Comparison using like/as |
| Synechdoche | Part refers to whole |
| Metonymy | Entity is referred to by an attribute |
| Personification | Inanimate objects given human characteristics |
| Periphrasis | A descriptive word or phrase used to refer to a proper name |
| Pun | Word that suggests two of its meanings or the meaning of a homonym |
| Anthimeria | One part of speech, usually a verb, that subs for another, usually a noun (have a good cry) |
| Onomatopoeia | Sounds of the words used related to their meaning |
| Litotes | Understatement |
| Irony | Words convey opposite of literal meaning |
| Oxymoron | Words with contradictory meanings placed near each other |
| Rhetorical Question | A question used to move development of an idea forward to suggest a point |
| Comparison Tropes | Simile, metaphor, synechdoche, metonymy, personification, periphrasis |
| Word Play Tropes | Pun, anthimeria, onomatopoeia |
| Over/Understatement Tropes | Hyperbole, litotes |
| Management of Meaning Tropes | Irony, oxymoron, rhetorical question |
Created by:
lemonberry
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