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Civics Test Unit 3
| Question | Answer | |
|---|---|---|
| Constitutional Convention | originally held to revise the Articles of Confederation, but delegates decided to create a whole new Constitution instead | |
| Virginia Plan | bicameral legislature with both houses based on population. States with larger population wanted this plan. | |
| New Jersey Plan | States with smaller populations wanted this plan. Unicameral legislature with equal representation from all states | |
| Great (Connecticut) Compromise | Unicameral legislature. House of Representatives based on population. Senate has equal representation. | |
| Three-fifths Compromise | Southern states wanted their slaves to count as population, so they could get more representatives in Congress. Northern states did not want this. Delegates agreed that every five slaves counted as three citizens. | |
| Electoral College | Delegates could not decide whether to have the citizens choose the president or have Congress choose, so they created an Electoral College consisting of representatives from each chosen by the state legislatures to pick the president. | |
| Commerce Compromise | Northern states wanted congress to regulate trade and commerce, but Southern states feared this would affect the slave trade and selling their crops. Congress could not tax exports or interfere with the slave trade until 1808 | |
| Federalists | the people who supported the Constitution, wanted a strong national government to protect the nation from enemies and solve internal problems. Did not need a bill of rights, the rights were already granted, just not listed. | |
| Federalist Papers | newspaper articles written by federalists to gain support | |
| Anti-federalists | Did not support the Constitution, believed it took away citizens' rights. did not want strong national government. they wanted a bill of rights to protect their freedoms | |
| Bill of Rights | specifically listed rights of all citizens | |
| Legislative Branch | Senate and House of Representatives. Creates the laws. | |
| Executive Branch | Carries out and enforces the laws | |
| Judicial Branch | interprets the laws | |
| Preamble | Introduction of the constitution. Lists the six goals on which government was founded. | |
| amendment | a rule or law added in the constitution. a change. | |
| Necessary and Proper Clause | grants Congress the power to make any laws that are necessary and proper. ex: internet laws. air pollution. | |
| implied powers | powers that are given to the government, but not specifically listed. | |
| popular sovereignty | power comes from the people. this is shown through elections, where the citizens choose the president | |
| Rule of Law | the law applies to everyone and no one is above the law. | |
| Separation of Powers | powers are split into three branches: Legislative, Executive, and Judicial | |
| Checks and Balances | each branch has specific powers to limit the other branches | |
| Limited Government | the government can only do what the people allow it to do. Keeps the majority from taking away the rights of the minority | |
| Federalism | Power is shared by the national and state governments | |
| Expressed powers | powers granted to only the National government | |
| Reserved Powers | powers granted to only the state governments | |
| concurrent powers | powers shared by both the national and state governments | |
| Supremacy Clause | any laws made by the national government are the supreme law of the land and states must abide by these laws | |
| What type of governmental system did the Constitution establish? | Federalism | |
| Why did Americans call for a constitutional convention? | they realized the Articles of Confederation were not working and they needed to revise them. Shay's Rebellion. | |
| Compare and Contrast the Virginia Plan and the New Jersey Plan | the virginia plan wanted a bicameral legislature with representation based on population, while the New Jersey plan wanted a unicameral legislation with equal representation | |
| Describe the arguments that led to the Great Compromise | Virginia Plan and New Jersey Plan. Finally agreed to have a bicameral legislature with one house based on population representation and one with equal representation. | |
| Describe the arguments that led to the 3/5th Compromise | Southern states wanted slaves counted as population, Northern states did not. every five slaves would count as three citizens. | |
| Describe the arguments that led to the Commerce Compromise | Southern states did not want trade and commerce regulations, Northern states did. Agreed to allow it as long as it did not tax exports or interfere with the slave trade until 1808 | |
| Describe the arguments that led to the Ratification of the Constitution | Federalists and Anti-federalists. Strong national government, no strong national government. Bill of rights. Bill of rights was added to gain more support. | |
| What issue did the framers not address and decided to table for 30 years? | Slave trade | |
| Summarize the Federalist and Anti-federalist arguments about the constitution | Federalist- would create a system of federalism, protect citizens and solve internal problems. did not need a bill of rights, because national government could limit those rights if listed | Anti-federalists- believed it would take away citizens' rights. needed bill of rights. feared it would ignore the will of the states and favor the rich over the common people |
| How was the Constitution to be ratified? Why was this decision left to the states? | 9 out of 13. It gave states the decision on if the government should be changed without just forcing it upon them. | |
| What are the key parts of the Constitution and what is included in each? | Preamble-introduction, 6 goals I-legislative branch II-executive III-judicial IV-relations between states and federal gov V-amending the constitution VI-supreme law of land VII-ratification of constitution | |
| How can the Constitution be amended to better fit Americans' needs? | states can call a convention to propose an amendment and 3/4th of the members present have to agree | 3/4th of both houses of congress can propose an amendment |
| why is the amendment process so difficult? | 3/4th vote is needed just to propose an amendment | |
| How can each branch of government limit the power of the other branches? | E- veto laws, appoint judges J-declare acts of legislature unconstitutional, declare presidential decisions unconstitutional | L-override presidential veto, impeach judges |
| explain the underlying principles of the US Constitution | Limited Government, Popular Sovereignty, Federalism, Rule of Law, Checks and Balances, Separation of Powers | |
| Explain what federalism is and give some examples of the following: reserved powers, Expressed powers, concurrent powers | States share powers with the federal government as well as have some of their own powers | Reserved-the power to create and regulate schools, marriage laws Expressed-the power to make treaties with foreign countries, the power to establish and run post offices C-the power to amend the constitution, collect taxes |
| what are implied powers and where in the Constitution are they found? | powers not listed specifically, but are given to the national government. they are found in Article 1 section 8 | |
| Why do many consider the Constitution a "living document"? explain the difference between strict and loose construction interpretation of the Constitution | The constitution changes over time and it can be amended. | the framers purposely constructed the Constitution loosely, because they were not sure what would happen in the future, so they made it easy to change if the future required it. strict would mean that they would always have to follow those laws. |
| Describe the arguments that led to the Electoral College Compromise | Whether citizens should choose the president or congress should. They created an Electoral College with representatives selected by state legislatures to choose the president |
Created by:
mikey.