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KAT PHR 49
Antivirals
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Anti herpes drugs typical mechanisms | activated by kinases, inhibit polymerase |
| Acyclovir is derived from | guanosine |
| Acyclovir is used for | HSV and VZV |
| Acyclovir mechanism of action (2) | DNA polymerase inhibition, chain termination |
| Acyclovir is not effective against | TK – strains |
| Acyclovir is excreted via | renal |
| Acyclovir toxicity (2) | renal and CNS |
| Valacyclovir is a | longer lasting acyclovir |
| Penciclovir | blocks polymerase DOES NOT terminate chain |
| Famciclovir is a | prodrug activated in liver |
| Docosanol is a | alchohol, inhibits HSV and plasma envelope fusion |
| Ganciclovir derived from | guanine |
| Ganciclovir mechanism | chain termination, DNA polymerase block |
| Ganciclovir used for CMV how | intraocular implant for retinitis |
| Ganciclovir toxicity is | Bone marrow suppression, systemic, leukopenia, thrombocytopenia |
| Cidofovir mechanism | inhibit DNA polymerase, does not require kinase |
| Cidofovir toxicity | nephrotoxic |
| Foscarnet toxicity | nephrotoxic, CNS effects |
| HSV drugs (4) | acyclovir, valacyclovir, penciclovir and famciclovir (-cyclovir) |
| CMV drugs (4) | Ganciclovir, valganciclovir, cidofovir, foscarnet (-gangcylcovir) |
| Anti Hepatitis drugs | interferon, adefovir-dipivoxil, entecavir, lamivudine and ribavirin |
| IFN a mechanism | activates RNAase, degrades RNA |
| Anti hepatitis drug mechanisms | inhibit polymerase |
| IFN a toxicity | myalgia, depression, alopecia, flu like |
| Adefovir toxicity | lactic acidosis, renal tox, hepatic tox |
| Ribavirin toxicity | teratogen, anemia |
| Anti influenza drugs | amantadine, rimantadine, oseltamivir, zanamivir |
| Amantidine and rimantadine mechanism | block M2 protien channel |
| oseltamivir and Zanamivir mechanism | inhibit neuraminidase |
| oseltamivir toxicity | GI |
| Zanamivir toxicity | bronchospasm in asthma |
| NRTI means | nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitor |
| NRTI mechanism | inhibit reverse transcriptase after phosphorylation |
| NRTI examples | abacavir, didanosine, emtricitabine , -ine |
| Zidovudine toxicity | bone marrow suppression |
| Abacavir toxicity | hypersensitivity |
| Didanosine toxicity | pancreatitis |
| Stavudine and zalcitabine toxicity | peripheral neuropathy |
| NNRTI means | non nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor |
| NRTI are metabolized by | P450, hepatic |
| NNRTI mechanism | inhibit reverse transcriptase w.out phosphorylation |
| NNRTI examples (4) | delavirdine, efavirenz, etravirine, nevirapine |
| Delavirdine and nevirapine toxicity | rash, liver enzyme elevation |
| Efavirenz toxicity | teratogen |
| Protease inhibitors mechanism | inhibit protein processing |
| Protease inhibitor examples | atazanavir, darunavir,( -navir) |
| Indinavir toxicity | kidney stone, hyperbilirubinemia |
| Amprenavir toxicity | rash |
| Atazanavir, fosamprenavir, lopinavir, nelfinavir, saquinavir toxicity | GI distress |
| Atazanavir toxicity | peripheral neuropathy |
| Enfuvirtide mechanism | block membrane fusion |
| Maraviroc mechanism | CCR5 receptor antagonist |
| Enfuvirtide toxicity | hypersensitivity |
| Maraviroc toxicity | joint and muscle pain, diarrhea, liver enzymes high |
Created by:
asindhidude
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