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integumentary unit
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Beneath the dermis lies a loose layer of skin rich in fat and areolar tissue called the: | subcutaneous layer/hypodermis |
| The hypodermis: | connects the dermis to underlying tissue |
| The order of the cells of the epidermis, form superficial to deep, are: | stratum corneum,stratum lucidum, stratum granulosum,stratum spinosum, stratum basale |
| In which area of the body would you expect to find a especially thick stratum | sole of the foot |
| In which layer of the skin do cells divide by mitosis to replace cells lost from the outer-most surface of the body | stratum basale |
| Smooth muscles that produce "goose pimples" when they contract are: | arrector pili muscles |
| The most common type of skin cancer is | basal cell carcinoma |
| Meissner corpuscles are specialized nerve endings that make it possible for skin to detect | light touch |
| The basic determinant of skin color is the quantity of | melanin |
| Which of the following is not a contributing factor to skin color | place of birth |
| Things that contribute to skin color | exposure to sunlight, genetics, and volume of blood in skin capillaries |
| True or False: Most of the body is covered by thick skin | False |
| True or False: A surgeon would most likely prefer to make an incision parallel to Langer cleavage lines | True |
| True or False: If the enzyme tyrosinase is absent from birth because of a congenital defect, a condition called albinism results | True |
| True or False: Both benign moles and malignant melanomas are outlined by a distinct border | False |
| True or False: Subcutaneous layer and hypodermis are synonymous terms | True |
| Which of the following is NOT a function of the skin? | sensation,excretion, and immunity |
| Which of the following vitamins is synthesized by the skin? | vitamin D |
| Which of the following is NOT a mechanism of heat loss by the skin? | vasoconstriction |
| Langerhans cells are the mechanism of action of which function of skin? | immunity |
| Which structure compares actual body temperature with set point temperature and then sends out appropriate correction signals to effectors | hypothalamus |
| True or False: skin is a minor factor in the body's termoregulatory mechanism | False |
| True or False: Skin plays a major role in the overall excretion of body wastes | False |
| True or False: To help dissipate heat during exercise, sweat production can reach as much as 3 liters per hour | True |
| True or False: according to the "rule of nines" the body is divided into nin areas of 9% | False |
| True or False: Immediately after injury, third-degree burns hurt less than second-degree burns | True |
| The developing fetus is covered by an extremely fine, soft hair coat called: | Lanugo |
| Which of the following is associated with hair? | sebaceous glands |
| Ceruminous glands are found in | ear canal |
| The most numerous, important, and wide-spread sweat glands in the body are: | eccrine |
| Hair growth is not stimulated | cutting it frequently, shaving, or increasing melanin production |
| True or False: The hair follicle is an extension of the epidermis into the dermis, forming a small tube | True |
| True or False: The inner core of the hair is called the cortex | False |
| True or False:Sweat or sudoriferous glands are the most numerous of the skin glands | True |
| True or False: One of the factors associated with male pattern baldness is testoterone | True |
| True or False: Growth of nails is due to mitosis in the stratum germinativum | True |
| impetigo | staph or strep infection |
| tinea | ringworm |
| warts | papilloma |
| boils | furuncle |
| decubitus ulcers | bedsores |
| urticaria | hives |
| scleroderma | hard skin |
| eczema | symptom of underlying condition |
| ---------- is the term associated with an unusually high body temperature | Fever or Fabrile |
| ------------ occurs when the body loses a large amount of fluid resulting from heat-loss mechanism | Heat exhaustion |
| ----------- is also known as sunstroke | Heat Stroke |
| Local damage cause by extremely low temperatures to as ------- | Frostbite |
| Tube that contains the hair root | hair follicle |
| skin | integument |
| outer layer of the skin | epidermis |
| "layer" | stratum |
| Layer beneath the dermis | subcutaneous |
| Appendage of skin | hair |
| determines skin color | melanin |
| sudoriferous gland | sweat gland |
| water-repellent protein | keratin |
| gland that secretes oil | sebaceous |
| Keratinized epithelial cells form this structure | nail |
| inner layer of skin | dermis |
| Which of the following statements about hair follicles is true? | arrector pili muscles are associated with them |
| Which of the following statements about apocrine glands is true? | They can be classified as sudoriferous, they can be found primarily in armpit and genital regions, and they secrete a thick substances that has a strong odor associated with it |
| Which of the following, if any, is not found in the dermis layer of the skin? | melanin |
| What characterizes second-degree burns | blisters, swelling, severe pain |
| Blackheads can result from the blockage of which of the following glands | sebaceous |
| Keratin is found in which layer of the skin | epidermis |
| What is the fold of skin that hides the root of a nail called? | cuticle |
| Which of the following is NOT an important function of the skin? | absorption |
| Another name for the dermis is: | corium |
| The shedding of epithelial elements from the skin surface is called: | desquamation |
| melanin | brown pigment |
| pacinian corpuscle | pressure |
| sebaceous | oil |
| hair | follicle |
| lunula | little moon |
| dermal papillae | fingerprint |
| sudoriferous | perspiration |
| apocrine | axilla sweat glands |
| tinea | fungal infection |
| psoriasis | genetic inflammatory skin disorder |
| Integumentary system | is composed of the skin, nails, and skin glands(sweat and sebacous glands) |
| Two distinct Main layers are | epidermis and dermis |
| Epidermis | outer layer, usually thin--exception is palms of hands and soles of feet; divided into 5 "strata"(layers) |
| Stratum corneum | most superficial/dead cells filled with keratin |
| Stratum lucidum | clear layer, found in thick skin only. contains eleden cells, a precursor to keratin |
| Stratum germinativum is made up of | stratum spinosume and bassale |
| Stratum spinosum | 8-10 layers of irregularly shaped cells contains prominent intercellular bridges or desmosomes rich in rna |
| Stratum bassale | cells divide by mitosis continuously replaces cells lost |
| Dermal-epidermal junction | cells of epidermis join the cells of the dermis |
| Dermis | second inner, thicker layer |
| Dermal papillae | layer of dermis that pushes into the epidermis to form a unique pattern for each individual's fingerprint |
| Langer's cleavage lines | i. Patterns formed naturally in the skin ii. Surgical incision parallel to the lines results in less stress & tends to heal more quickly |
| Each hair follicle has an ---------; the contraction of this muscle results in the hair standing on end, pulling the skin, causing "goose bumps/pimples" | arrector pili muscle |
| Stretch marks | torn dermis resulting from a rapid increase in size |
| Subcutaneous layer (hypodermis) | a. located beneath the dermis; not a layer of skin yet studied with it b. connects the dermis to the underlying tissue c. rich in fat & areolar (connective) tissue |
| Protection | i. physical barrier ii. desquamation |
| Desquamation | the shedding of epithelial elements from the skin surface |
| Sensation | I. act as a sense organ ii. pacinian corpuscle iii. messiner corpuscle |
| Pacinian corpuscle | receptor that detects pressure |
| Messiner's corpuscle | receptor that detects light touch |
| Langerhans cells | play a role in immune response |
| Homeostasis of body temperatures (controlled by the hypothalamus in the brain) | I. Thermoregulatroy II. 80% of heat loss is through the skin a. evaporation b. radiation c. conduction d. convection |
| To help dissipate even more heat, sweat production ----- to as high as ---- L per hour during exercise | increase and 3 |
| Rule of palms | palm size of burn victim is about 1% of body surface |
| First Degree burn | minor pain, erythema and swelling |
| Second degree burn | severe pain, blisters form with swelling |
| Third degree burn | also called full thickness burns and edema i. no immediate pain ii. temporary skin grafts-from cadavers and pigs |
| Each hair is formed within a hair ------ | follicle |
| Follicle is indentation of ------ | epidermis |
| Hair is produced at bottom of follicle by hair ----- covered with stratum --------- | papilla and germinativum |
| Portion of hair within follicle is called hair root; ------------------ | portion pushed out called hair shaft |
| Gray hair has ----- in hair follicle, instead of pigment | air |
| Lanugo | hair on baby in the womb, shed and sqallowed by the baby before birth and is released in the meconium |
| Medulla | inner core of hair |
| Male pattern baldness results from a combination of ------ and ------ | genetics and testoterone |
| Nails grow by ------- of cells in stratum germinativum; growth area called the ------- ----- | mitosis and nail matrix |
| Nail plate/body | visible portion of the nail |
| nail root | portion of nail under fold of epidermis |
| nail bed | area of nail matrix that produces the nail plate/body |
| lunula | moon shaped, white area- part of matrix visible through nail |
| cuticle a.k.a. eponychium | extensions of epidermis |
Created by:
ajc93