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grammatical function
Herron, EOC, grammatical functions
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| subject | the "doer" of the action in a sentence |
| object | the "receiver" of the action in a sentence |
| object complement | direct or indirect object |
| subject complement | predicate nominative or predicate adjective |
| transitive verb | a verb that has a direct or indirect object |
| intransitive verb | a verb that does NOT have a direct or indirect object |
| direct object | firsthand receives the action of a transitive verb |
| indirect object | secondhand recieves the action of a transitive verb |
| direct object | answers the questions whom? or what? |
| indirect object | answers the questions to whom? or for whom? |
| predicate adjective | a subject complement that comes after a linking verb that describes the subject |
| predicate nominative | a subject complement that comes after a linking verb that renames the subject |
| appositive | a word (or a group of words) that identifies or renames another word in a sentence |
| phrase | a group of words that does NOT have a subject and a verb |
| clause | a group of words that does have a subject AND a verb |
| independent clause | a complete thought containing a subject and a verb that can stand alone |
| subordinate or dependent clause | a group of words containing a subject and a verb that cannot stand alone |
| noun clause | a group of words that functions together as a subject, an object, or a complement |
| adjective clause | a group of words that works together to describe a noun or a pronoun |
| adverb clause | a group of words that works together to describe an adjective, a verb, or an adverb |
| prepositional phrase | a group of words without a subject or a verb that give additional meaning to a noun or a verb in a sentence |
| participle | a verb (often -ing or -ed) that acts like an adjective |
| gerund | an -ing verb that acts like a noun |
| coordinating conjunction | a word such as and, but, or, for, nor, so, yet that connects words, phrases, or clauses |
| subordinating conjunction | a connecting word that introduces a dependent clause |
| relative pronoun | a word such as which, that, who, whom, and whose which introduces an adjective clause |
| restrictive | a word, phrase, or dependent clause that limits the meaning of the element it modifies while providing information essential to the meaning of the sentence. |
| nonrestrictive | a word, phrase, or dependent clause that does NOT limit the meaning of the element it modifies and provides information that is not necessary to the meaning of the sentence; usually set off by commas |
| simple sentence | a complete thought which has only one independent clause |
| compound sentence | two independent clauses connected with a comma and a coordinating conjunction |
| complex sentence | a subordinate (dependent) clause and an independent clause in the same sentence |
| compound-complex sentence | two independent clauses connected with a cmoma and a coordinating conjunction plus a subordinate (dependent) clause in the same sentence |
| conjunctive adverb | an adverb that indicates the relationship in meaning between two independent clauses; independent clause + semicolon + ___ + comma + independent clause |
Created by:
herronm
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