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SLPA Phonetics
Test One
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| ___ is the scientific study of speech sounds, their form (articulation), substance (acoustic properties), and perception; the application of this study is to a better understanding and improvement of linguistic expression. | Phonetics |
| Once information is gathered about phonetics, it can further be divided into what 3 branches? | Normative, clinical, linguistic |
| ___ Phonetics believes that there are standards for good speech and that mispronunciations that vary from the norm should be corrected | Normative |
| __ Phonetics is when phonetic information is used to remediate unintelligible or disordered speech | Clinical |
| What branch of phonetics do slps deal with? | Clinical |
| ___ phonetics focuses on the analysis and classification of sound systems within a language and the rules used within the framework of a language for combining sounds with other sounds. | Linguistic |
| What are the 6 parts of linguistic phonetics? | 1.historical 2.descriptive 3.comparitive 4.dialectology 5.pragmatics 6.transcriptive |
| __ phonetics is the pattern of development of a language's sound system is traced over time | __ phonetics is the study of a sound repertoire of a particular language usually at one point in time |
| What is an example of descriptive phonetics? | Elizabethean english |
| ___ phonetics is the correlation of the sound system of one language to that of one or more other languages | comparitive |
| ___ is the study of the causes and characteristics of speech sound differences in the varieties of spoken language called dialects. | Dialectology |
| What does dialectology result from? | Geographical political, economic or social barriers that serve to keep groups linguistically isolated (Ex: Jordan, Jerdan) |
| ___ phonetics are conscious changes that occur as speakers attempt to adapt their speech to the perceived needs of their listeners or audience | Pragmatic |
| ___ phonetics is the most important to our profession | transcriptive |
| ___ endeavor to construct a phonetic alphabet with easy to understand symbols so that speech in any language can be transcribed efficiently and accurately | Phoneticians |
| Words are not always ___ how they are ___ | spelled; pronounced |
| There are __ letters in the english alphabet and ___ letter sounds and ___ additional vowel sounds in IPA | 26; 17; 13 |
| What are the 2 types of transcription? | broad and narrow |
| __ transcription records major sound difference | broad |
| __ transcription records particular sound differences | narrow |
| Narrow [] and broad & individual // | |
| ___ transcription is the representation of sound segments that have __ significance in the speakers language. Defined as broad transcription because it is more general and uses ___ | phonemic; linguistic; virgules |
| ___ transcription is the written notation or representation of speech sounds, which represents each sound, including the allophonic variants | phonetic |
| __ transcription is defined as __ transcription because it is very specific and uses brackets | phonetic; narrow |
| ___ transcription is defined as __ transcription because it uses virgules or slashes | phonemic; broad |
| __ transcriptions try to objectively capture the actual pronunciation of a word, whereas __ transcriptions are ___-dependent | phonetic; phonemic; model-dependent |
| The ___ is used in dictionaries to indicate the ___ of words | IPA; pronunciation |
| The ___ has previously been used as a basis for creating new writing systems for previously unwritten languages | IPA |
| The __ is used in some foreign language text books and phrase books to transcribe the sounds of languages which are written in with ___ alphabets | IPA; nonlatin |
| ___ is the vocal tract configuration neccessary for producing speech sound | articulation |
| ___ is the study of sound | acoustics |
| A ___ is a speech-sound in a particular language | phoneme |
| A ___ is the smallest unit of sound | phoneme |
| An ___ is a variation of a phoneme. Speech sounds often change one or more features in connected speech to become an allophone | allophone |
| what is an example of an allophone? | letter becomes ledder |
| A ___ is a written expression; an alphabetic letter. | Grapheme |
| Describe an example of a grapheme: | The word cat has 3 graphemes (3 letters) |
| ___ is variation on a letter | Allograph |
| What is an example of allograph | Capital A vs. lowercase a. |
| ___ is the smallest unit of meaning | morpheme |
| ___ morphemes are words that can stand alone | free |
| ___ morphemes must be connected to free morphemes | bound |
| ___ are variations of morphemes | allomorphs |
| What is an example of allomorphs? | Cats, dogs, horses |
| ___ is influence on speech sounds due to coarticulation | assimilation |
| Assimilation is influence on speech sounds due to ___ | coarticulation |
| ___ sounds requires vibrations of the muscles in the ___ | voiced; larynx |
| ___ is the space between the vocal folds | glottis |
| ___ is when the vocal folds are closed | adduction |
| ___ is when the vocal folds are open | abduction |
| ___ ___ are two sounds only distinguished by their voicing | cognate pairs |
| What are examples of cognate pairs? | b,p k,g s,z |
| Sounds are categorized by __ and __ | voiced and voiceless |
| ___ of ___ is how sounds are formed, how the vocal tract and articiulators are manipulating the airflow to produce various sounds | manner of articulation |
| the lungs are housed in the __ | thorax |
| The power source for phonetics is the ___ | lungs |
| The voice source for phonetics is the __ | larynx |
| Changing the ___ of the vocal cords changes the __ of the sound | tension; pitch |
| What are the primary resonating chambers? | throat (pharynx), mouth (oral cavity), and the nose (nasal cavity) |
| What are the articulators? | tongue, lips, teeth, palate, alveolar ridge |
| What are the filters of phonetics? | Resonators and articulators |
| What are the central processors of phonetics? | Brain and hearing mechanism |
| The __ controls the entire process as impulses of respiration, voicing, resonation, and articulation | brain |
| The brain controls the entire process as impulses of __,__,__,and __ | Respiration, voicing, resonation, articulation |
| __ provides a link to speech to others and provides feedback | hearing |
| __ are sounds produced by one or both ___ | labials; lips |
| What are examples of labials? | p,b,m,w |
| ___ are when lower and upper lips combine | bilabials |
| What are examples of bilabials? | p,b |
| ___-__ are sounds that occur when the tongue contracts the lower and upper teeth | labio-dentals |
| What are examples of labio-dentals | f,v |
| __-___ are sounds that occur when the tongue contacts the teeth | lingua-dentals |
| ___-___ are sounds that occur when the tongue contacts the alveolar ridge | lingua-alveolars |
| The ___ __ is the area behind the upper teeth | alveolar ridge |
| What are the lingua-alveolars? | t,d,s,z,n,l,r |
| ___-___ are when the tongue contacts some portion of the hard-palate | lingua-palatals |
| __ are sounds produced when the tongue comes in contact with the soft palate | velars |
| What are examples of velars? | k,g,n |
| Only one __ occurs in the english language | glottal |
| What is the only glottal sound that occurs in the english language? | l |
| The ___ ___ is an allophone in the dialects of american english, completely adducting the vocal folds and blowing them apart, and frequently used to replace /t/ in button | glottal stop |
| The glottal stop is an __ in the english language. It completely __ the vocal folds and blowing them apart. It is frequently used to replace the __ in button | allophone, adducts, /t/ |
| __ are produced by completely stopping or restricting airflow | stops |
| With stops, pressure is released in a __ manner | plosive |
| What are examples of stops? | p,b,t,d,k,g |
| __ are produced by severely constricting the oral cavity then forcing the air through | fricatives |
| ___ create a hissing or friction type of noise | fricatives |
| Know examples of everything on place matter chart | |
| ___ are a combination of stops and fricatives | affricates |
| ___ stop the airflow then force it through | affricates |
| ___ are produced while keeping the velopharngeal port open so sound passes through nose | nasals |
| ___/___ are produced with the least amount of restriction | lateral/liquids |
| There are between __ and __ different languages in the world | 3000 and 8000 |
| It is very difficult to define languages because of __ differences | dialect |
| The initial formation of local dialects was based on __ and __ __ | geography and settlement history |
| Regional dialects are based more on ___ factors than geographical | social |
| __ dialects have replaced local dialects | regional |
| Why have regional dialects replaced local dialects? | Because the erasure of geographic isolation through modernization |
| What are some factors that have become important in determining identities as they relate to linguistics? | Race, sex, social class |
| A ___ is a variation of a language that may result from isolation of one form or another | dialect |
| Not all dialects are are the result of regional differences. Dialects can also be influenced by __ and __ factors | economic & social |
| An __ is the influence that our native language has on the way we speak a second language | accent |
| Manner of articulation refers to ___ the sound is produced | how |
| Once the articulators are positioned, they must cause ___ changes | resonances |
| Manner of articulation refers to ___ only | consonants |
| Manner of articulation can be classified as __ and __ | obstruents, sonorants |
| __ are characterized by an obstructed vocal tract, either __ or ___ | obstruents; complete or partial |
| /b/ is an __ and /w/ is a ____ | obstruent; sonorant |
| Obstruents can be divided into __,__, __ | stops, fricatives, affricates |
| Fricatives can be divided into __ and __ | stridents, sibilants |
| With __, the channel in which the air passes (oral or nasal) is relatively open | sonorants |
| All vowels are ___ and those consonants that have vowel-like quality | sonorants |
| Sonorants can further be divided into __ and __ | approximants and nasals |
| Only one ___ sound in american english, it is produced with "lateral" airflow around one or both sides of the tongue | lateral |
| __ are sonorants that are produced so that little or no friction occurs | liquids |
| __ are consonants that provide a rapid transition usually to a following vowel | glides |
| How is the glottal sound made? | by narrowing the glottis by partially adducting the vocal folds so that some friction is produced |
| __ are a subset of stridents often referred to as the hissing/hushing sounds | sibilants |
| ___ and ___ are affricates or fricatives that are made by directing the airflow against a surface such as the back of the upper teeth so that considerable friction is produced | affricates, fricatives |
| affricates are made when a sound starts as a __ and ends as a ___ | stop; fricative |
| ___ are obstruents that are made from a partial blockage of the airstream causing friction during the production | fricatives |
Created by:
jjohns53