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Psych119_test_1
First test
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What marked founding of psych and who | Wilhelm Wundt , 1879 – FOUNDING OF PSYCHOLOGY |
| basic premise of behaviorism-what motivates us | emphasizes choice, self-direction, actualizing tendency |
| basic premise of humanism-what motivates us | Emphasized choice, free will, drive to fulfill potential |
| Difference of clinical psychology and psychiartrists | psychiatrists are medical doctors and psychologists are notreplication |
| difference between hypothesis and theory | theory be broad. hypo be narrow and measurable |
| difference between descriptive and experimental methods | Descriptive – Who what where when – Association. Experimental – CAUSE AND EFFECT |
| why random selection is used | selection—every member of larger group has equal chance of being selected for the study sample |
| know how to interpret a correlation coefficient strength and direction | Numerical indication of magnitude and direction of the relationship between two variables |
| be able to find an independent variable and dependent varible experimental study | the controlled factor in an experiment. dependent- the measured facts |
| know what random assignment is | assignment—every subject in the study should have an equal chance of being placed in either the experimental or control group |
| what is operational definition | n terms of the specific process or set of validation tests used to determine its presence and quantity |
| what is free association | psychoanalytic patients are invited to relate whatever comes into their minds during the analytic session, and not to censor their thoughts |
| what is the id | the unconscious, impulsive part of brain |
| what is libido | sex drive |
| ego defense mechanism | Repression—keeping anxiety-producing thoughts out of the conscious mind – the most fundamental ego defense mechanism. Reaction formation—replacing an unacceptable wish with its opposite. Displacement—when a drive directed to one activity by the id is redi |
| role of ego in personality | makes rational descisions |
| freuds of stages of psychosexual development | oral, anal, phallic, latent, genital |
| what carl roger believed motivates human actions | Actualizing tendency—innate drive to maintain and enhance the human organism. |
| bandura's ideas of reciprocal development | cognitive <->enviromental factors <-> behavioral factors |
| self-efficacy | one's capablities to organize and execute the sources of action required to manage prospective situations |
| demension of eysenick's model of personality | Introversion-extraversion, Neuroticism-emotional stability, Psychoticism |
| what is most widely accept trait thoery | Five Factor Model |
| projective tests | evaluating self |
| three types of nuerons | sensory-From sensory organs to the brain and spinal cord. motor-From the brain and spinal cord, to the muscles and glands. interneurons-carry information between other neurons only found in the brain and spinal cord. |
| process of which an action potentional is perpetuated down the axon | Before stimulation, a neuron or muscle cell has a slightly negative electric polarization; that is, its interior has a negative charge compared with the extracellular fluid. This polarized state is created by a high concentration of positively charged sod |
| synaptic vesicles and what they carry | neurotransmitters |
| neurotransmitter | open receptor sites to allow communication between neurons |
| what is runner's high | feeling of pleasure after a long run is due in part to heavy endorphin release |
| to main divisions of nervous system | Sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions of the nervous system |
| sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems symp- arouse body to spend energy. para- calms the body | |
| how the endocrine system communicates | HORMONES |
| lesion | damage on the brain |
| when is the cerebellum is impaired | neurotranmitters not working |
| job of hippocampus | formation of new memories |
| symptoms of damages to broca's area and wernicke's area | broca's plays role in speech production. Wernike’s area—plays role in plays role in understanding and meaningful speech “Don’t glow glover. Yes, umm, bick bo chipickers the dallydoe mick more work mittle” |
| what is absolute threshold | threshold—smallest strength of a stimulus that can be detected 1/2 of the time |
| lens of the eye and accommodation | – lens gets thicker or thinner to change how light falls on retina |
| fovea of the eye | center of eye (fovea) |
| difference between nerve and conduction deafness | nerve- permanit. condition- can be helped |
| sensory adaptation | getting used to a sense |
| pain and substance p | transfer pain signal |
| moon illusion | People perceive objects on the horizon as being farther away than stuff in the sky, because there’s all this stuff between them and the horizon. |
| gesalt laws | LAW OF SIMPLICITY – we tend to group things into the most simple arrangement.Proximity Similarity Closure Good Continuation |
| psychoanalysis | Psychoanalytic—importance of unconscious processes and childhood experiences |
| behavorism | Emphasis on the role of the environment in determining behavior |
| humanism | importance of self and fulfillment of potential |
| biological | Study the physiological mechanisms in the brain and nervous system that organize and control behavior |
| evolutionary | – psychological processes that promote success in environment = more likely to survive and pass on genes = why we do what we do today |
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