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citadel of an ancient greek city, located at its highest point and consisting of temples, a treasury, and sometimes a royal palace. Most famous - in Athens, ruins of the Parthenon
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Passage or open corridor of a church, hall, or other building that parallels the main space, usually on both sides, and is delineated by a row, or arcade, of columns or piers. called side ___ when they flank the nave of a church
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ARH Test 1
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| citadel of an ancient greek city, located at its highest point and consisting of temples, a treasury, and sometimes a royal palace. Most famous - in Athens, ruins of the Parthenon | acropolis |
| Passage or open corridor of a church, hall, or other building that parallels the main space, usually on both sides, and is delineated by a row, or arcade, of columns or piers. called side ___ when they flank the nave of a church | aisle |
| a painted or carved panel or winged structure placed at the back of or behind and above an altar. Contains religious imagery, often specific to the place or worship for which it was made. | altar piece |
| large semicircular or polygonal ( and usually vaulted) niche protruding from the end wall of a building. in christian church - contains the altar. | apse/exedra |
| series of arches, carried by columns or piers and supporting a common wall or lintel. in a blind ___ the arches and supports are engaged and have a decorative function | arcade |
| large rectangular building. often built w/ a clerestory, side aisles separated from the center nave by colonnades, and a apse at one or both ends. Roman centers for administration, later adapted to christian church use. | basilica |
| unit of space defined by architectual elements such as columns, piers, and walls | bay |
| support, usually massive masonry built against exterior wall to brace, and counter the thrust of the vaults. transfers weight of vault to the ground/arch built on exterior of building that transfers thrust of roof vaults at stress points through wall... | buttress (flying) |
| established rules or standards | canon |
| sculpted block that tops a column. conventions of the orders - capitals include different decorative elements | capital |
| underground burial ground consisting of tunnels on different levels, having niches for urns and sarcophagi and often incorporating rooms | catacomb |
| principal christian church in a diocese, built in the bishop's administrative center and housing his throne. | cathedral |
| principle interior room in a greek or roman temple w/in which the cult statue was usually housed. | cella |
| temporary structure that supports a masonry arch and vault or dome during construction until the mortar is fully dried and the masonry is self=sustaining | centering |
| charlemagne/Carolingian | |
| topmost zone of a wall with windows in a basilica extending above the aisle roofs. provides direct light into central interior space | clerestory |
| open space, part of a monaster, surrounded by an arcaded or colonnaded walkway. often has fountain and garden. dedicated to nonliturgical activities and secular life or the religious. members don't intereact w/ outsiders. | cloister |
| row of columns, supposrting a straight lintel. small column attacehed to a pier or wall | colonnade |
| twisting body position. a way of representing the human body so that its weight appears to be borne on one leg. | contrapposto |
| juncture of the nave and the transept in a church, often marked on exterior by a tower or dome | crossing |
| building material. developed by Romans, made from lime, sand, cement, and rubble mixed with water. easily poured or molded when wet and hardens into particularly strong and durable stonelike substance. | concrete |
| Augustus | |
| Hadrian | |
| Constantine | |
| classical orders, horizontal elements above the columns and capitals. consists of, from top to bottom, a cornice, frieze, and architrave | Entablature |
| slight swelling of the shaft of a greek column. optical illusion of entasis makes column appear from afar to be straight. | Entasis |
| face or front of a wall of a building | facade |
| knoblike architectural decoration usually found at the top pint of a spire, pinnacle, canopy, or gable | finial/pinnacle |
| shallow, concave grooves running vertically on the shaft of a column, pilaster, or other surface | fluting |
| large sheet of paper, which, when folded and cut becomes 4 separate or parchment pages in a book. page or leaf in a manuscript or book. any large book | folio |
| illusion createdd on a flat suface in which figures and object appear to recede or project sharply into space. perspective | foreshortening |
| roman town center; site of temples and administrative buildings and used as much as a market or gathering area for the citizens. | forum |
| painting technique. water-based pigments are applied to suface of wet plaster. created by painting on dried plaster. mural made by both these techniques are called frescoes. | fresco/mural |
| middle element of an entablature, between the archirave and the conice. decorated w/ sculpture, painting, or moldings. Any continuous flat band w/ relief sculpture or painted decorations. | frieze |
| hiberno-Saxon | |
| image in any material representing a sacred figure or event in the Byzantine, and later the orthodox church. venerated by the faithful, who believed them to have miraculous powers to transmit messages to God/study of the significance & interp. of the sub. | Icon/iconography |
| painting on paper or parchment used as illustration and/or decoration for manuscripts or albums. done in rich colors, often supplemented by gold and other precious materials. illustrations - illuminators. technique of decorating manuscripts w/ such. | Illumination |
| type of linear decoration in which ribbonlike bands are illusionistically depicted as if woven under and over another | Interlace |
| in architecture, vertical element found on both sides of an opening in a wall, and supporting an arch or lintel | jamb |
| an archaic Greek statue of a young woman/ archaic greek statue of a young man or boy | kor/kouros |
| monumental building used as a tomb. named after the tomb of Mausolos erected at Halikarnassos around 350 bc | mausoleum |
| carved, painted, or plain rectangular spaces between the triglyphs of a doric frieze | metope/triglyph |
| painting- process of creating the illusion of 3D on a 2D surface by the use of light and shade. sculpture - the process of moldinga #D form out of a malleable substance | modeling |
| basic unit of construction | module |
| images formed by small colored stone or glass pieces (tesserae_ afficed to a hard, stable surface | mosaic/tesserae |
| style of deptiction in which the physical appearance of the rendered image in nature is the primary inspiration. appears to record the visible world | naturalism |
| central aisle of a basilica, 2 or 3 stores high and flanked by aisles, and defined by the ______ arcade or the ______ colonade | nave |
| column can be fluted or smooth-surfaced and has no bas. capital consists of an undecorated echinus and abacus. entablature has a plain architrave, a frieze with metopes and triglyphs, and a simple cornice. | doric |
| column has a base, a fluted shaft and a capital decorated with volutes. entablature sonsists of an architrave of 3 panels and moldings, a frieze usually containing sculpted relief ornament, and a cornice with dentils. | ionic |
| most ornate of the orders, includes a base, a fluted column shaft w/ a capital elaborately decorated with acanthus leaf carvings. entablature consistes of an architrave decorated w/ moldings, a frieze often containing sculptured reliefs, and a cornice. | corinthian |
| combination of Ionic and Corinthian orders capital combines acanthus leaves with volute scrolls | composite |
| ottonian | |
| writing surface made from treated skins of animals/ very fine ____. | parchment/ vellum |
| triangular gable found over major architectural elements such as classical greek porticoes, windows, or doors. formed by an entablature and the ends of a sloping roof or raking cornice. a broken pediment is a variation on the traditional pediment... | pediment |
| concave triangular section of a vault that forms the transition between a square or polygonal space and the circular base of a dome | pendentive |
| pericles | |
| surrounding colonnade in greek architecture. a ___ building is surrounded on the exterior by a colonnade. a ___ court is an open colonnaded courtyard, often having a pool and garden. | peristyle |
| Phidias | |
| masonry support made up of many stones, or rubble and concrete often square or rectangular in plan and capable of carrying very heavy architectural loads. | pier |
| engaged columnar element that is rectangular in format and used for deoration in architecture | pilaster/engaged column |
| in architecture, a projecting roof or porch supported by columns, often marking an entrance | portico |
| an architectural system of construction w/ 2 or more vertical elements ) posts) supporting a horizontal element (lintel) | post and lintel |
| a device used in systems of spatial definition. in painting a register indicates use of differing groundlines to differentiate layes of space within an image. in sculpture, the placement of slef-contained bands of reliefs in a vertical arrangement. | register |
| a sculpted image or design whose flat background surface is carved away to a certain depth, setting off the figure. called high or low relief depending upon the extent of projection of the image from the background. | Relief (high/low) |
| container, often made of precious materials, used as a repository for sacred relics (venerated objects associated with a saint or martyr) | reliquary/relic |
| any building or part thereof constructed in a circular or sometimes polygonal shape, usally producing a large open space crowned by a dome | rotunda |
| area of wall adjoining the exterior curve of an arch between its springing and the keystone, or the area between 2 arches as in an arcade | spandrel |
| manner of representation that conforms to an intellectual or artistic idea rather than to naturalistic appearances | stylization |
| painting medium made by blending egg or egg yolks w/ water, pigments, and occasionally other materials, such as glue | tempera |
| linear networks w/in a window opening or applied to a flat surface that often create elaborate decorative patterns. | tracery |
| arm of a cruciform church, perpendicular to the nave. point where the nave and ___ cross is called the crossing. beyond the crossing lies the sanctuary. | transept |
| freestanding, massive stone gateway with a large central arch, built as urban ornament and/or to celebrate military victories | triumphal arch |
| element of the interior elevation of a church, found directly below the clerestory and consisting of a series of arched openings. can be made up of openings from a passageway or gallery or can be a plain or decorated wall | triforium |
| in classical architecture, the vertical panel of the pediment. In medieval and later, the area over a door enclosed by an arch and a lintel, often decorated with sculpture or mosaic | tympanum |
| arched masonry structure that spans an interior space | vault |
| elongated or continuous semicircular vault shaped like a half-cylinder | barrel vault (tunnel) |
| vault created by the intersection of 2 created by the intersection of 2 barrel vaults of equal size which creates 4 side compartments of identical size and shape | groin vault (cross) |
| demark the junctions of a groin vault. may function to reinforce the groins or may be purely decorative. | Rib vault |
| style in which artists concern themselves w/ capturing the exterior likeness of an object or person, usually by rendering its visible details in a finely executed, meticulous manner | Verism (veristic) |
| Vitruvius | |
| oblong wedge-shaped stone blocks used to build an arch. topmost voussoir is called a keystone. | Voussoir/keystone |
| monumental, west-facing entrance section of a Corlingian, Ottonian, or Romanesque church. The exterior consists of multiple stories between 2 towers; the interior includes an entrance vestible, a chapel and a series of galleries overlooking the nave. | Westwork |
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