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VTNE Review3
Urinalysis Review
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What organ conserves nutrients, removes waste products, maintains blood pH and controls blood pressure? | Kidney |
| With significant dehydration in an otherwise healthy patient what would happen to SG and PCV? | increase urine SG and increased PCV |
| When performing urinalysis testing, the sample should be analyzed within (10, 20, 14 or 30) minutes or refrigeration is used. | 30 min |
| Normal voided urine is clear except in which species | Horses |
| The average urine specific for a healthy adult cat is what and for a healthy adult dog is what? | 1.030 and 1.025 |
| Epithelial cells in urine are estimated as the average number per what? | high=power field |
| True or False - calcium oxalate crystals are seen with ethylene glycol toxicity | True |
| What urine sediment component would be most significant - sperm, epithelial cells blood cells or fat droplets | blood cells |
| the best urine sample for a culture is? | cycstocentesis sample |
| Which of the following would not be associated with ketones in urine: diabetes ,lactating cows, starvation or hemolysis | hemolyisis |
| WBC's in urine sediment may be confused with? | renal epithelial cells |
| Casts in urine sediment are | formed in the renal tubules |
| Urine samples should be centrifuged at a | low speed (1000-3000) for 5 minutes |
| It is easier to observe the elements in urine sediment by | lowering the condenser to reduce the light |
| Painful urination is recorded as? | dysuria |
| Dark yellow, cloudy urine generally would be expected to have what? | high specific gravity |
| true or false: Blood in urine is reported as hemoglobinuria | false it is hemoturia |
| A urine specimen collected in the morning and allowed to sit until afternoon could be expected to have? | increased numbers of bacteria |
| calcium carbonate crystals are often seen in urine from what species | horses |
| In a urine sample, and rbc may be easily confused with? | a fat droplet |
| What crystal is commonly described as having a coffin-lid appearance? | triple phosphate crystals |
| Polyuria is what | production of excessive amounts of urine |
| Isosthenuria occurs at what SP | 1.006-1.012 |
| An ammonium biurate crystal is sometimes described as? | looking like a thorny apple |
| Anuria is? | complete lack of urine production |
| The parasite also known as the kidney worm is | dioctophyma sp |
| the correct medical term for a urinary bladder stone is | urolith |
| which of these cells is not an epithelial cell type found in urine seditment - renal trigeminal transition or squamous | trigeminal |
| What condition could result in myoglobinuria - prolonged recumbency, autoimmune anemia, tranfusion reaction, or overeating | prolonged recumbency |
| what type of cast is the most common one found in urine | granular |
| urine often has a sweet odor if what is present? | Ketones |
| what is the smallest epithelial cell seen on a urine sediment exam | renal cell |
| If the urine is red but when spun down turns clear what is the likely cause of the red color | hematuria |
| If an animal is over-hydrated, what SP would you expect - 1.060, 1,030, 1.002, or 1.012 | 1.002 |
| aged urine samples left at room temp and exposed to light might have what type of false negative? | bilirubin |
| what method of urine sample collection would not be associated with traumatic hematuria | free catch |
| Casts associated with chronic, severe degeneration that appear smooth and refractile with squared ends are? | waxy casts |
| the ability of the renal tubules to concentrate or dilute urine is assessed by what? | specific gravity |
| Glycosuria exists because? | blood glucose levels exceed the renal threshold for absorption of glucose |
| bilirubinuria is considered a normal finding in what species | dogs |
| Urine crystals are estimated as the average per? High-power field, low-power field, medium power field, or oil immersion fields | low power field - 10x objective |
| a drop of what added to the urine sediment lyses RBCs but not fat droplets | dilute acetic acid |
| Bacteria in urine sediment may be confused with what | amorphous phosphates or urates - amorphous crystals are granulare in appearance and may be confused with cocci - however rods do not look like any crystals |
| The presence of protein in the urine may indicate what? | kidney disease - excessive amounts of protein enter the glomerular filtrate and are not reabsorbed resulting in protein in the urine |
| Calcium oxalate crystals look like what? | small squares that contain an X |
| The largest of the epithelial cells found in the urine are? | squamous epithelial cells |
| A cat in final stages of renal failure - you would expect urine SP to be? 1.002, 1.012, 1.030 or 1.060 | 1.012 - animals in final stages of chronic renal failure are isosthenuric. |
| Struvite crystals are composed of? | Magnesium ammonium phosphates |
| Uric acid is the major nitrogenous waste in what species | bird |
| in what species is ketonuria most commonly found | Bovine |
| Keeping the urine _____ will keep struvite crystals dissolved in solution. | Acidic |
| your pt's SP is so high you cannot measure it - you dilute with 1:2 distilled water not the SG is 1.032 what was the real SG? | 1.064 = multiply only the last two digits of the SG by the dilution factor |
| Dipsticks for urine chemical analysis should always be - shaken before used, stored in refrigerator, sored with desicant, reconstituted with saline | stored in refrigerator - |
| a control should be run on the urine dipstick when? | when there is a shift change in personnel |
| An alkaline urine pH can be the result of? | urinary tract obstruction |
| a urine sample that show 3+ occult blood on a dipstick and is grossly red and clear would most likely contain | hemoglobin |
| The sulfosalicylic acid test of urine is used to detect | Protein |
Created by:
RMara