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``` KAT PHR 52
Antiprotazoals
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Which plasmodia have dormant hepatic stages (2) | vivax and ovale |
| Which plasmodia have only 1 stage of liver replication (2) | falciparum and malariae |
| Primary tissue schizonticide function and example | kill in liver, primaquine |
| Primary blood schizonticide function and example | kill in blood, chloroquine, quinine |
| Sporonticide example and functions | prevent replication in mosquito, proguanil and pyrimethamine |
| Chloroquine absorption affected by | antacids |
| Chloroquine excretion | unchanged in urine |
| Chloroquine mechanism of action | accumulates toxic heme in parasite |
| Chloroquine toxicity at low and high dose | rash, GI irritation, headaches -> neuropathy, porphyria |
| Quinine excretion | metabolized before renal excreta |
| Quinine mechanism of action | blocks DNA replication and transcription by binding to it |
| Quinine toxicity | cinchonism, G6PD hemolysis, Blackwater fever, contra in pregnancy |
| Mefloquine is used for _ and is administered _ | prophylaxis in chloroquine resistant areas, by mouth |
| Primaquine metabolism | extensive |
| Primaquine toxicity | contra in preg, G6PD hemolysis |
| Antifolate drugs (4) | pyrimethamine, proguanil, sulfadoxine, dapsone |
| Antifolate drugs mechanism of action | sulfonamides block PABA, proguanil and pyrimethamine block DHFR |
| Doxycycline is a _ used for _ | tetracycline for prophylaxis |
| Amodiaquine is _ and has _ side effects | anti malarial, hepatic |
| Atovaquone mechanism | disrupt mitochondria |
| Halofantrine is a _ and has _ side effects | anti malarial, cardiotoxic |
| Only drug effective against quinine resistant strains | artemisinin |
| First choice for asymptomatic ameba disease | diloxanide |
| Emetine is used for _ and mechanism _ | amebic disease, blocks ribosome |
| Iodoquinol is used for _ and side effects are _ | amebicide, thyroid and iodine toxicity, neurotoxicity |
| Metronidazole and tinidazole are used for | amebic disease and for H pylori |
| Metro/Tini mechanism | form cytotoxic products with nitro group |
| Metronidazole and tinidazole toxicity | irritation, urine coloration |
| Paromomycin is a | aminoglycoside |
| Nitazoxanide is used for | GI infections from G lamblia and cryptosporidium |
| Pentamidine is used for | pneumocystosis and toxoplasmosis |
| Pentamidine mechanism | inhibit glycolysis, interfere with nucleic metabolism |
| TMP SMZ is used for | 1st choice in pneumocystis |
| TMP SMZ side effects | GI distress, neutropenia, thrombocytopenia |
| Pyrimethamine and sulfonamides are effective against | toxoplasmosis |
| Pyrimethamine and sulfonamide mechanism | block folic acid synthesis |
| Atovaquone mechanism | blocks mitochondria and folate |
| Atovaquone is for | mild pneumocystis |
| Pentamidine is for | T gambiense and rhodesiense |
| Melarsoprol is for | sleeping sickness |
| Melarsoprol mechanism | inhibits sulfahydryls, is arsenic |
| Nifurtimox is for | trypanosomiasis |
| Nifurtimox mechanism | inhibits trypanothione reductase |
| Suramin is for | early trypanomiaisis |
| Eflornithine is a | ornithine decarboxylase substrate |
| Eflornithine is used for | some trypanosomiaisis |
| Stibogluconate is for | Leishmania |
| Stibogluconate side effects | cardiotoxic |
Created by:
asindhidude
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