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A&P I Exam 2
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| A bone that contains diaphysis and epiphysis areas, a curvature for strength, and is proportionally more compact than spongy bone is the: | - humerus |
| The superior nasal concha is a part of which bone? | ethmoid |
| The articulation that most closely resembles a hinge in the body involves which bones? | - humerusulna |
| List the bones of the pelvic girdle | - . ilium, ischium, pubis |
| List the structures found on the ischium. | - inferior ramus, lesser sciatic notch, superior body |
| List the weight bearing bones | - femur, tibia, tarsus |
| The tibia is in contact with which tarsus? | - talus |
| The heel bone is called the ________. | - calcaneus |
| The lateral condyle of the femur articulates with the lateral condyle of the ________. | - tibia |
| The medial condyle of the femur articulates with the medial condyle of the ________. | - tibia |
| The largest foramen in the body is the ________ foramen. | - obturator |
| The smallest short bone in the hand is the ________. | - pisiform |
| The styloid process of the ________ points to the thumb. | - radius |
| The large fossa on the anterior aspect of the scapula is the ________. | - subscapular fossa |
| Only the ________ vertebrae have transverse foramina. | - cervical |
| The ________ is the primary bone in the septum of the nose. | - vomer |
| Your cheek is composed of the ________ bone. | - zygomatic |
| Why is the area just distal to the tubercles of the humerus called the surgical neck? | - This area is called the surgical neck because it is the most frequently fractured part of the humerus. |
| Describe the composition of the intervertebral discs. | - elasticity and compressibility, and a covering of fibrocartilage and the annulus fibrosus |
| Describe the differences between the bones of the lower and upper limb and briefly state why these differences exist. | - The lower limbs carry the weight of the body and are subjected to exceptional forces |
| How are the pectoral and pelvic girdles structurally different? How is this difference reflected in their functions? | - The pectoral girdle moves freely across the thorax |
| How do the first two cervical vertebrae differ from other cervical vertebrae? What are their functions? | - C1 vertebra has no body. It articulates with the skull - C2 vertebra has a dens that allows the axis to pivot |
| Describe how the arches of the foot are maintained. | - form a half-cone that distributes the weight of the body |
| Coronal | -found between the parietal and frontal |
| Sagittal | Between the parietal bones |
| Squamous | between parietal and temporal |
| Lambdoidal | between parietal and occipital |
| Which canal and three foramen are found going through the sphenoid bone? | 1. Optical canal 2. Foramen rotundum 3. Foramen ovale 4. Foramen spinosum |
| If the hyoid bone is not attached to another bone, why is it so important? - | serves as a movable base for the tongue |
| What is the purpose of the articular processes of the vertebrae? | - allow the vertebral column to flex forward some |
| A fibrous joint that is a peg-in-socket is called a ________ joint. | - gomphosis |
| Describe the structure and function of the cruciate ligaments of the knee: | - prevent hyperextension of the knee |
| If a patient was suffering from bursitis, this condition would be designated as inflammation of a(n): | - noninflammatory type of arthritis |
| An immovable joint found only between skull bones is called a: | - amphiarthroses |
| Articular cartilage found at the ends of the long bones serves to: | - provide a smooth surface at the ends of synovial joints |
| A joint united by dense fibrocartilaginous tissue that permits a slight degree of movement is a: | - symphysis |
| On the basis of structural classification, which joint is fibrous connective tissue? | - syndesmosis |
| Connective tissue sacs lined with synovial membranes that act as cushions in places where friction develops are called: | - bursae |
| Articulations permitting only slight degrees of movement are: | - amphiarthroses |
| ____________ are cartilaginous joints. - | - Synchondroses |
| The gliding motion of the wrist is accomplished because of the ________ joint. | - plane |
| The ligaments that protect the alignment of the femoral and tibial condyles and limit the movement of the femur anteriorly and posteriorly are called: | - cruciate ligaments |
| Bending your head back until it hurts is an example of: | - hyperextension |
| A joint that is known as a suture is found: | - between the frontal and parietal bones |
| Synarthrotic joints: | - permit essentially no movement |
| Fibrous joints are classified as: | - sutures, syndesmoses, and gomphoses |
| In symphysis joints the articular surfaces of the bones are covered with: | - hyaline cartilage |
| Synovial fluid is present in joint cavities of freely movable joints. Describe the composition of this fluid. | - It contains hyaluronic acid. |
| Define synchondroses | - cartilaginous joints where hyaline cartilage unites the ends of bones |
| Menisci refer to: | - semilunar cartilage pads |
| Describe the purpose and location of joints which allow gliding movements? | - Gliding movements occur at the intercarpal and intertarsal joints |
| When one is moving a limb away from the median plane of the body along the frontal plane, it is called: | - abduction |
| The terms inversion and eversion pertain only to: | - feet |
| The shoulder joint is a good example of a(n) ________ synovial joint. | - ball-and-socket |
| The only movement allowed in a pivot joint is: | - uniaxial rotation |
| Compared to the shoulder, displacements of the hip joints are: | - rare because of the ligament reinforcement |
| The ________ ligament holds the radius to the ulna at the proximal end. | - anular |
| Which ligament of the knee initiates the knee-jerk reflex when tapped? | - the patellar ligament |
| Football players often sustain lateral blows to the extended knee. Which of the ligaments is/are damaged as a result? | - medial collateral, medial meniscus, and anterior cruciate |
| What condition is generally considered a noninflammatory type of arthritis? | - osteoarthritis |
| Gouty arthritis is a painful condition caused by: | - excessive blood levels of uric acid deposited as crystals in the soft tissue joints |
| When a ballerina points the toes, it is known as: | - Plantar flexion |
| Describe the function of the rotator cuff - | flexible extensions at the elbow joint |
| The greater tubercule of the humerus articulates at the _______ | - articulates at the coracoid process of the scapula |
| The head of the humerus articulates with the ____________ | - acromion process |
| Multiaxial joints of the body include: | - the hip and shoulder |
| Presence of a synovial cavity, articular cartilage, synovial membrane, and ligaments are characteristics of what type of joint? | - hinge joint |
| Extracapsular ligaments stabilizing the knee include: | - lateral and medial collateral ligaments |
| An example of an interosseus fibrous joint is: | - the radius and ulna |
| Describe angular movements | - They change (increase or decrease) the angle between two bones |
| Saddle joints have concave and convex surfaces. Name the bones of the hand that articulate to form a saddle joint. | - The trapezium of the carpal bone and the thumb's metacarpal. |
| List the parts of a synovial joint. | - joint cavity, articular cartilage, articular capsule |
| Describe the structure and function of tendon sheaths: | - act as friction-reducing structures |
| Turning the foot medially at the ankle would be called ________. | - inversion |
| Moving your jaw forward, causing an underbite, is called ________. | - protraction |
| A ________ is a fluid-filled cavity a tendon slides over. | - bursa |
| The joint between the frontal and parietal bones is called a ________ joint. | - suture |
| Using the functional classification, a freely movable joint would be called a ________ joint. | - diarthrosis |
| Partial dislocation of a joint is called a ________. | - subluxation |
| The joint between the carpal and the first metacarpal is called a ________ joint. | - saddle |
| Synovial joints have five major features. What are they? | - articular cartilage, a joint cavity, an articular capsule, synovial fluid, and reinforcing ligaments |
| Often people who exercise prudently seem to have fewer bouts with osteoarthritis. Will exercise prevent arthritis? If so, how? | - Exercise does not prevent arthritis |
| . Bending the elbow: | _hinge and flexion |
| Turning head side to side | pivot and rotation |
| Lowering your arm to your side | Ball-and-socket and adduction |
| Turning the sole of foot medially | plane and inversion |
| While the fingers can exhibit flexion and extension and other angular motions, the thumb has much greater freedom. Why? | - The thumb possesses a saddle joint |
| Describe a typical synovial joint. | - The ends of each bone are covered with hyaline cartilage |
| After reading a medical report, you learn that a 45-year-old female has the following symptoms: inflammation of synovial membranes, accumulation of synovial fluid, pain and tenderness about the joints, | - Rheumatoid arthritis |
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