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Chemistry O level

QuestionAnswer
Arrangement of SOLID Packed closely together in an orderly manner by very strong attractive forces between particles
Arrangement of LIQUID Packed randomly in an disorderly manner by strong attractive forces between particles
Arrangement of GAS Far apart due to weak attractive forces between particles
Drying agents for acidic gases Concentrated Sulfuric Acid
Drying agents for alkaline gases Quicklime (Calcium oxide)
Sublimation for ... Ammonia chloride and Iodine
Ionic compound - Have GIANT IONIC STRUCTURE - Have STRONG FORCES OF ATTRACTION between ions
Covalent compound - Have SIMPLE MOLECULAR STRUCTURE - Have STRONG COVALENT BONDS WITHIN MOLECULES - Have WEAK INTERMOLECULAR ATTRACTION FORCES BETWEEN MOLECULES
Alkalis Soluble bases
Bases Insoluble bases
Strength of acid/alkali How easily an acid or alkali dissociates when dissolved in water
Acidic oxide - non metal oxides - dissolves in water to form acid
Basic oxide metal oxides - most are insoluble in water - soluble in water to form alkali
Neutral oxide - some non metal oxides - insoluble in water
Amphoteric oxide - zinc, aluminium and lead oxide - have chemical properties of both acid and alkalis
Salts - All Sodium, Potassium, Ammonium and Nitrate salts are soluble - All chloride salts are soluble except LEAD AND SILVER - All sulfate salts are soluble except LEAD, BARIUM AND CALCIUM - All carbonates are insoluble except SODIUM, POTASSIUM AND AMMON
Preparing insoluble salts (Precipitation) soluble solution + soluble solution = insoluble salt
Oxidation - gains OXYGEN - gains OXIDATION STATE - lose ELECTRONS - lose HYDROGEN
Reduction - gain HYDROGEN - gain ELECTRONS - lose OXYGEN - lose OXIDATION STATE
Oxidising agent - Usually metals - The more reactive the better the oxidising agent - Oxidise another substance and itself reduced
Reducing agent - Usually non metals - Reduce another substance and itself oxidise
Bases Insoluble bases
Strength of acid/alkali How easily an acid or alkali dissociates when dissolved in water
Acidic oxide - non metal oxides - dissolves in water to form acid
Basic oxide metal oxides - most are insoluble in water - soluble in water to form alkali
Neutral oxide - some non metal oxides - insoluble in water
Amphoteric oxide - zinc, aluminium and lead oxide - have chemical properties of both acid and alkalis
Salts - All Sodium, Potassium, Ammonium and Nitrate salts are soluble - All chloride salts are soluble except LEAD AND SILVER - All sulfate salts are soluble except LEAD, BARIUM AND CALCIUM - All carbonates are insoluble except SODIUM, POTASSIUM AND AMMON
Preparing insoluble salts (Precipitation) soluble solution + soluble solution = insoluble salt
Oxidation - gains OXYGEN - gains OXIDATION STATE - lose ELECTRONS - lose HYDROGEN
Reduction - gain HYDROGEN - gain ELECTRONS - lose OXYGEN - lose OXIDATION STATE
Oxidising agent - Usually metals - The more reactive the better the oxidising agent - Oxidise another substance and itself reduced
Reducing agent - Usually non metals - Reduce another substance and itself oxidise
Created by: 1484027649
 

 



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