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pht 100 1
chapter 1 part 2
Question | Answer |
---|---|
most studies haven't documented | cost savings of mail order pharm]s |
mail order pharm]s must fill | 3 mos. supply of drug for chronic disease rx's |
the savings are offset by drug wastage | if the patient/customer has a bad reaction or the doctor changes the drug strength/name |
some medication counseling is limited | to printouts & toll-free calls |
there are safety, storage, & legal matters for | mail order rx's & time delays between orders are an issue |
institutional pharm]s are associated with | organized health care delivery systems |
institutional pharm]s consist of | home healthcare, long term care, managed care, nuclear pharm]s and most common institutions like hospital pharm]s |
1/4 of pharmacists | work in hospitals |
the hospital pharmacists prepares/supervises | preps of unit dosage system, sterile iv meds & inventory |
for sterilization, techs work in a | hospital's clean room under specialized ventilation cabinets called laminar flow hoods to prep steriles & hazardous drugs |
in hospital clean rooms techs wear | gowns, masks, hairnets, bootees, & gloves |
home health care is a | delivery service of medical, nursing,& pharmaceutical supplies for home staying patients |
hospitalized patients can continue treatment | at home with meds & ivs aftern they've been discharged |
in pharm] what continues growing is | home health care |
workers of home health care pharm]s must | be available on a 24 hr. basis |
the prepared meds of home health care | are delivered to the patients home |
pharmacists/nurses educate patients/caregivers on | meds & equipment uses |
extended care facilities | are long term facilities like nursing homes |
long term care facilities provide | institutional services for elders and disabled patients who can't provide care for themselves due to disease or illness |
medical and residential care are | provided long term for the resident's needs |
skilled care facilities are for | 24hr. care patients recovering from hospitalization |
some longterm care facilities have | an inhouse pharm] |
other long term care facilities either have | a contract with a community pharmacy or let residents choose their pharm] |
inhouse pharm] dispenses | 7 day supplies of meds in blister packs |
a community pharm] that provides nursing home meds will | fill carts or trays with a 30 day worth of meds since meds frequently change in this environment |
kaiser permanente was | one of the first managed care organizations |
kaiser permanente was also a | nonprofit organization that started in california in the 1930s |
hmo is | health maintainence organization |
hmo provides | health insurance using a managed care model |
most hmo's are | outpatient clinics |
some hmo's may own | hospitals |
the duties are similar for | community pharm] techs & hmo techs |
the philosophy guiding hmo care is that | keeping people healthy lowers health care system expenses |
hmo encourages | healthy lifestyles |
checkups & vaccines are | also encouraged by hmo's |
most hmo's have | their own salary staff physicians |
other hmo's have contracts with | private practice physicians |
to see a specialist, patients need | a referral from their hmo physician |
the "gate keeper" to healthcare is | what the primary care physician serves as |
without the quality compromises, | hmo's slow the inflation pace of healthcare costs |
many employers have | hmo as a healthcare plan |
centralized primary-care clinics are | what most hmo's are |
centralized primary care clinics have in one place | departments for adults, pediactrics, obgyn's, pharm]s, x-rays, and labs |
pharmacists recommend | the formularies of hmo's |
medical staff approve | the formularies of hmo's that pharmacists recommend |
hmo rx refills | may be automated |
the tiered for hmo rx pricing plan is | cheap generics, expensive "prefered" brands, & more expensive "nonprefered" brands |
a restricted formulary & tiered pricing is the reason for | hmo pharm]s having lower brand names stock than community pharm]s |
the tiered plan & restricted formulary makes it easier for | insurance to cover community pharm] drug claims |
generic or "prefered" brands are | incentive for patienrts choices |
a nuclear pharm] is | a specialized practice that compounds sterile radioactive drugs for 100+ dianostic/therapeutic uses |
nuclear pharm] practices require | specialized equipment, traning, & certified radiation safety |
staff of nuclear pharm]s wear | badges to monitor radiation exposure |
off-site is where | nuclear pharm]s are commonly located |
one of several specialty pharmaceutical manufacturers | manage nuclear pharm]s |
the pharmacists role has 4 stages | traditional, scientific, clinical, & pharmaceutical eras |
the traditional era was dominated by | dispension of drugs from plants & herbs |
the scientific era was dominated by | scientific testing of synthetic drugs effects on the body since they were in masses |
the 1960's were | the clinical era |
in the clinical era | pharmacists became dispensers of drug info |
the pharmaceutical era expanded mission statements of | a professional to be responsible for drug therapy results |
pharmacists used to bo known as | apothecaries |
in the traditional era | pharmacist/apothecaries compounded 80% of rx's |