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psych exam prof DG
ch 1, 2, 3, & 4
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| 1. Which of the following psychologists founded the school of functionalism? | William James |
| 2. Who was the first female to receive her Ph.D. from Harvard? (She was the 2nd president of the APA). | Mary Calkins |
| 3. The biopsychosocial approach is a | Is composed of biological, psychosocial, and cultural perspectives |
| 4. Of the following professionals, which can prescribe medication? | Psychiatrists |
| 5. Who coined the phrase tabula rasa? | d. John Locke |
| 6. These people believed the mind and body are connected: | The Hebrews, Aristotle, Augustine |
| 7. What event marked the founding of scientific psychology? | d. Wilhelm Wundt’s opening of the first psychology laboratory at the University of Leipzig in 1879. |
| 8. Which psychological perspective would try to answer this question: How do we learn to fear particular objects? | a. Behavioral |
| 9. A psychologist that studies from a psychodynamic perspective might perceive an outburst of anger as: | c. An outlet for unconscious hostility |
| Psychology is defined as the science of: | a. Behavior and mental processes |
| Carl Rogers is most closely associated with which of the following? | d. Humanistic psychology |
| 12. Rosalie Rayner and John B. Watson demonstrated conditioned responses on behavior with their famous experiment, known as: | b. Little Albert |
| Biological psychologists study | d. The links between the brain and mind |
| 14. Which philosopher most clearly rejected the idea that the mind is separable from the body? | c. Aristotle |
| 15. Professor Schroeder argues that children have an innate concept of justice that enables them to make distinctions between fair and unfair rules. This argument is most consistent with the views of: | d. Socrates |
| 16. Edward Titchener was concerned primarily with the study of: | a. Sensory experiences |
| 17. Compared with the structuralists, early behaviorists were much less likely to focus on the study of: | d. Thinking |
| 18. Debates as to whether alcohol abuse is biologically determined or culturally influenced are most relevant to the issue of: | a. Nature vs. Nurture |
| Understanding why the fear of darkness may have contributed to the survival of our human ancestors is most relevant to the ________ perspective. | c. Evolutionary |
| 20. Professor Thurstone conducts basic research to investigate whether a teacher's negative perceptions of some students can affect the students' subsequent academic performance. Professor Thurstone is most likely a ________ psychologist. | b. Social |
| 21. Basic research on persistent human traits like optimism and pessimism is most characteristic of the specialty known as ________ psychology. | d. Personality |
| 22. Which perspective would be most relevant to understanding the role of spaced practice on long-term memory of information? | cognitive |
| 23. Inherited traits are to learned habits as the ________ perspective is to the ________ perspective. | b. Evolutionary; Behavioral |
| 24. Who was the functionalist who authored a textbook for the emerging discipline of psychology? | james |
| 25. In the context of debates over the origins of knowledge, nature is to nurture as ________ is to ________. | d. Descartes; Locke |
| 26. The early school of psychology that employed the method of introspection was known as: | d. Structuralism |
| Ivan Pavlov pioneered the study of: | a. Learning |
| Humanistic psychology was founded on the idea that: | Our current environment influences our growth potential |
| Sigmund Freud developed an influential theory of _________________________. | b. Behavior |
| 30. Basic research is to __________________________ as applied research is to _____________________. | a. Increasing the scientific data base; Solving practical problems |
| 31. After the Super Bowl game, many people said they could’ve predicted the outcome of the game. This is an example of _____________________. | a. Hindsight bias |
| When given a 5-letter word to unscramble, many people believe that it would only take them 30 seconds to unscramble it. This is an example of ____________________. | b. Overconfidence |
| tacey suggests that because children are more impulsive than adults, they will have more difficulty controlling their anger. Stacey's prediction regarding anger management exemplifies: | c. A hypothesis |
| Which research technique is most directly useful for avoiding the thinking error known as the false consensus effect? | c. Random sampling |
| Samantha goes to the park and counts and records the amount of people who have a dog. Which type of research is Samantha employing | d. Naturalistic observation |
| Which method offers the most reliable way of assessing whether athletic performance is boosted by caffeine consumption? | b. Case study |
| One person in a ten-person group is ten times older than any of the other members. With respect to age, it is most likely that the majority of group members are younger than the group's | c. Mean |
| The ________ is a measure of ________. | c. median; central tendency |
| 39. Random samples provide ________ estimates of population averages if the samples have small ________. | a. good; means |
| 40. In an experimental study of the extent to which mental alertness is inhibited by sleep deprivation, alertness would be the | b. independent variable. |
| In drug-treatment studies, double-blind procedures minimize outcome differences between experimental and control conditions that could be attributed to | d. placebo effects |
| Psychological theories | a. organize scientific observations |
| 43. A correlation of +0.70 between children's physical height and their popularity among their peers indicates that | a. higher levels of popularity among one's peers is associated with greater physical height in children |
| 44. Researchers control factors that might influence a dependent variable by means of | a. random assignment |
| 45. In a study of factors that might affect memory, research participants were assigned to drink either an alcoholic or a nonalcoholic beverage prior to completing a memory test. Those who drank the nonalcoholic beverage participated in the ___ condition | b. Control |
| In an experimental study of the effects of dieting on weight loss, dieting would be the: | b. independent variable |
| 47. The ________ can be a particularly misleading indication of what is average for a ________ distribution of scores | b. median; skewed |
| 48. Ahmed has five sisters who are 3, 3, 5, 9, and 10 years of age. The number "5" represents the ________ of the sisters' ages. | b. Median |
| 49. Differences between two samples are least likely to be statistically significant if: | a. the samples are small and the standard deviations of the samples are small. |
| The scientific attitude is composed of: | d. All of the above |
| 51. Case studies are excellent sources of information because: | b. They give insight on how a particular function works in reference to that case |
| 52. Which of the following may skew the data on surveying? | a. The wording effect |
| Which of the following methods does NOT usually describe behaviors? | b. Introspection |
| 54. If two observations are closely related to one another, we say they are ___________. | a. Correlated |
| 55. Which of the following graphs is used to graph correlated data? | b. Scatter plot |
| 56. Mary has noticed that as her marriage progresses in time, her hair is beginning to turn gray and fall out. She begins to wonder if her marriage is causing her hair to do this. This is an example of: | c. An illusory correlation |
| the most frequently occurring score in a distribution is: | c. Mode |
| 58. You are taking the mean of the customer’s salaries in a coffee shop. Bill Gates walks in. This measure of central tendency would be skewed: | a. Mean |
| 59. ______% of people fall within the + or – 15 points of the standard deviation of a normal curve . | d. 68% |
| 60. The ideal representative data would have: | b. Less variable/ more cases |
| 1. Natural, opiatelike neurotransmitters linked to pain control are called: | c. Morphine antagonists |
| 62. Drugs that block the reuptake of serotonin will thereby increase the concentration of serotonin molecules in the: | a. Axon terminals |
| 63. In stressful situations, the sympathetic nervous system ________ blood sugar levels and ________ the pupils of the eyes. | d. raises; dilates |
| 64. While listening to operatic solos, musicians process the lyrics and the tunes in separate brain areas. This most clearly illustrates the functioning of different: | c. neural networks |
| 65. Which of the following chemical messengers is both a neurotransmitter and a hormone? | c. norepinephrine |
| 66. Which of the following would be most useful for detecting the brain areas that are most active as a person performs mathematical calculations? | c. a PET scan |
| Which region of the brain appears to have the oldest evolutionary history? | c. brainstem |
| 68. After suffering an accidental brain injury, Kira has difficulty walking in a smooth and coordinated manner. It is most probable that she has suffered damage to her: | c. cerebellum |
| 69. Which portion of the cerebral cortex is most directly involved in making plans and formulating moral judgments? | b. frontal lobes |
| Due to an automobile accident, Jenny suffered damage to her cerebral cortex in Broca's area. Jenny is most likely to experience: | c. aphasia |
| The successful functioning of children who have experienced the surgical removal of an entire cerebral hemisphere best illustrates the value of: | c. plasticity |
| 72. An axon transmits messages ________ the cell body and a dendrite transmits messages ________ the cell body | a. away from; toward |
| 73. Multiple sclerosis is a disease that is most directly associated with the degeneration of | the myelin sheath. |
| 74. Depressed mood states are linked to ________ levels of serotonin and ________ levels of norepinephrine | a. low; low |
| 75. A drug that blocks the reuptake of a particular neurotransmitter is called a(n): | d. agonist. |
| 76. The peripheral nervous system consists of: | d. sensory and motor neurons |
| 77. The autonomic nervous system most directly controls | d. bladder contractions. |
| 78. Although Ron has no genital sensations, he is capable of an erection if his genitals are stimulated. Ron's experience is most indicative of a: | b. severed spinal cord. |
| 79. Research has suggested that a reward deficiency syndrome may contribute to | b. alcoholism. |
| 80. Following massive damage to his frontal lobes, Phineas Gage was most strikingly debilitated by: | d. irritability. |
| 81. In which of the following parts of the brain would a lesion most likely result in aphasia? | c. Wernicke's area |
| 82. Brain scans indicate that well-practiced pianists have a larger-than-usual auditory cortex area that encodes piano sounds. This best illustrates: | d. Plasticity |
| 83. Research with split-brain patients led Michael Gazzaniga to conclude that the ________ typically constructs the theories people offer to explain their own behaviors. | b. left cerebral hemisphere |
| 85. An action potential must exceed the ____________________________ in order fire a stimulus. | a. Threshold of excitation |
| 88. Sensory: _________________________:: _________________________: Efferent | a. Afferent, Motor |
| 89. Hormones are __________________ lasting than neurotransmitters, while neurotransmitters are delivered _____________________ quickly. | c. Longer; more |
| 90. The adrenal glands produce: | b. Ephinephrine |
| 91. An organism's complete set of genetic instructions is called the | d. genome |
| Compared to fraternal twins, identical twins are | divorce. b. more similar in their risk of developing Alzheimer's disease and more similar in risk of divorce |
| 93. Adoptive parents are least likely to influence the ________ of their adopted children | a. personality traits |
| 94. Intense and reactive infants become unusually anxious and aroused when facing new or strange situations. This best illustrates the importance of: | b. temperament. |
| 95. Estimates of the heritability of personality traits are most directly associated with the research efforts of: | b. behavior geneticists. |
| 96. In emphasizing that heredity's effects on behavior depend on a person's home environment, psychologists are highlighting the importance of: | d. nature-nurture interactions. |
| 97. Bacteria that resist a hospital's antibiotics rapidly multiply as other bacteria die off. This best illustrates: | d. natural selection. |
| 98. It has been suggested that men in all cultures tend to marry women younger than themselves because men are genetically predisposed to seek female features associated with youthful fertility. This suggestion best illustrates: | d. an evolutionary perspective. |
| 99. Premature babies are especially likely to gain weight if stimulated by | c. touch and massage. |
| 100. At a social gathering, Latin Americans may behave in a manner that North Americans consider intrusive and overly expressive. This best illustrates the importance of being sensitive to differing: | a. norms. |
| 101. Displays of self-effacing humility are most characteristic of those who value | c. collectivism |
| 102. Over the last century, Western parents have placed ________ priority on teaching children to respect and obey parents and ________ priority on teaching them loyalty to their country | c. decreasing; decreasing |
| 103. Adolescent females spend | d. less time alone and more time praying than do adolescent males |
| 104. Jaquetta was exposed to excess testosterone during prenatal development. As a young girl, Jaquetta is likely to: | a. prefer toy cars over dolls |
| 105. Concepts of masculinity and femininity that influence our perceptions are called gender: | b. schemas. |
Created by:
paigecb