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Stack #689617
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| lifespan development spans a range of interests that specialists in development can consider.A researcher wants to examine the effects of the 66yearold womans sons birth on longrange development.Which of the following could possibly be an areaof interest? | Investigating behavior at the level of biological processes to determine whether the infant's functioning was affected by the advanced age of his mother. |
| In its study of growth, change and stability, what kind of approach does lifespan development take? | scientific |
| researchers who use intellectual testing (IQ) as a part of their research project with elementary age students are likely to be researching what kind of development? | cognitive |
| what kind of development involves the ways that the enduring characteristics that differentiate one person from another change over the life span? | personality |
| If a developmental researcher is studying what the earliest memories that can be recalled from infancy are, or what the intellectual consequences of watching television are, in what developmental area is the researcher interested? | cognitive |
| to gain a clearer understanding, developmentalists must consider all of the following broad cultural factors | orientation toward indivisualism and collectivism. ethnic, racial, socioeconomic, and gender differences. how subcultures are exactly like cultures in their ciews and attitudes. |
| race is what kind of a concept? | biological |
| people who lived in NYC during the 9/11 terrorist attack on the world trade center exprienced shared challenges due to the attack that are called what kind of effects? | cohort |
| In ____ development, each stage is _____ | discontinuous change; distinct |
| consider a situation where a woman comes down with a case of rubella in the 11th week of pregnancy as opposed to the 13th week of pregnancy. the difference in the way rubella would affect the unborn child at these two times is an example of | critical period |
| in a ___, organisms are particularly susceptible to certain kinds of stimuli in their environments, but the absence of those stimuli does not always produce irreversible consequences. | sensitive period |
| what issue has dominated much work in lifespan development? | how much of people's behavior is due to their genetically determined nature and how much is due to nuture? |
| "Nature" refers to | traits, abilities and capacities inherited from parents |
| Bob and Marion's high level of responsibility to their baby's persistant crying demonstrates a(n) ___ influences on the baby's development. | environmental |
| Freud proposed a theory that suggests that unconscious forces act to influence personality and behavior. This is called the ___ perspective. | psychoanalytic |
| Freud believed that the ___ contains infantile wishes, desires, demands, and needs that are hidden from conscious awareness because they are disturbing. | id |
| the approach stating that behavior is motivated by inner forces, memories, and conflicts that are generally beyond peoples' awareness and control is called the | psychodynamic perspective |
| Freud believed that the goal of the pleasure principle was to | maximize satisfaction and reduce tension |
| According to Freud, a series of stages that children pass through in which pleasure, or gratification, is focused on a particular biological function and body part is called | psychosexual development |
| Erikson's psychosocial theory of development proposes ___ distinct stages. | 8 |
| Erikson argued that each of his stages presents a(n) ___ that the individual must resolve | crisis |
| a type of learning in which an organism responds in a particular way to a neutral stimulus that normally does not bring baout that type of response is called | classical conditioning |
| Roger likes to buy lottery tickets regularly because he occasionally wins. This is an example of ___ behavior. | operant conditioning |
| The approach that focuses on the processes that allow people to know, understand, and think about the world is called the | cognitive perspective |
| what approach builds on Piaget's research, and views cognition as made up of different types of individual skills, while using terminology from information processing approaches? | neo-Piagetian |
| What aspect(s) of development are adequately addressed by the information processing approaches? | continuous vs discontinuous growth qualitatitive vs quantitative development paigetian vs neo-piagetian theory |
| What was a major proponent of the humanistic and suggested that all people need positive regard that results from an underlying wish to be loved and respected? | Rogers |
| Which perspective contains the two major theories of Bronfenbrenner's bioecological approach and Vygotshy's sociocultural theory? | contextual |
| Which of Bronfenbrenner's levels addresses the everyday, immediate enviornment in which children lead their daily lives? | microsystem |
| Bronfenfrenner's bioecologocial approach suggests that society, types of governments, religious vaule systems, political value systems, and other broad cultural factors are parts of what system? | exosystem |
| what is one of the fastest growing areas within the field of lifespan development, and studies the effects of heredity on behavior? | evolutionary perspective |
| ____ researchis designed to discover casual relationships between various factors | exprimental |
| researches who are interested in the relationship between televised aggression and sibsequent behavior have found that children who watch a good deal of TV aggression tend to be more aggressive that those who watchlittleof this type of programming. _study | correlational |
| what is the observation of a naturally occurring behavior, without intervention in the siuation? | naturalistic observation |
| when a group of people are chosen to represent a larger population and are asked about their attitudes, behaviors, or thinking on a given topic, this is considered ___ research. | survey |
| the device that uses electrodes placed on the outside of the skull to record electrical activity within the brain, and is used in psychophysiological research, is called a(n) ___ | EEG |
| What is the type of research method that focuses on the relationship between physiological processes and behavior? | psychophysiological |
| the group of participants chosen to receive the independent variable is called a(n) | experimental group |
| in an experiment, the ___ ___ is what the researchers manipulate | independent variable |
| researchers conduct an experiment in which one group is exposed to treatment a and the other group is exposed to treatment b. the treatments are the | independent variable |
| in a study of behavioral adjustment of a group of children placed in foster care, the children were assessed once a year over a period of ten years. this is an example of a ___ study. | longitudinal |
| If the focus of a research study is to examine the ways in which elementary school teachers can help children to remember information more easily, such as a study would represent ___ research. | applied |
| what is the type of research in which people of different ages are compared at the same point in time? | cross sectional |
| what is the name of the new cell formed by the process of fertilization? | zygote |
| what is the basic unit of genetic information? | gene |
| genes are arranged in specific locations and in a specific order along ___ chromosomes | 46 |
| when gametes are formed in the human body, this is called | meiosis |
| twins who are genetically identical are called ___ twins | monozygotic |
| any future development of monozygotic twins can be attributed only to ___ factors | environmental |
| what is the term for the inherited blood-clotting disorder that has been a problem throughout the royal families in europe, such as the decendants of queen victoria | hemophilia |
| humans have about ___ genes | 25000 |
| toni has a blood disorder that gets its name from the shape of the red blood cells. she would be diagnosed with what disorder? | sickle cell anemia |
| what is the more invasive test that can be employed if blood tests and ultrasound have identified a potential problem or if there is a family history of inherited disorders? | amniocentesis |
| which test is performed as early as week 5, and allows access to the fetal citculation and direct visualization of the embryo, permitting the diagnosis of malformations? | embryoscopy |
| which test is preformed after 18 weeks of pregnancy by collecting a small amount of blood from the umbilical cord? | fetal blood sampling |
| which test is used to detect down syndrome by collecting blood from the umbilical cord after the 18th week of pregnancy? | fetal blood sampling |
| what is the term for the determination of traits by a combination of both genetic and environmental factors, in which a genotype provides a range within which a phenotype may be expressed? | multifactoral transmission |
| parents in the US are more likely to encourage higher ___ levels, which asian parents are more likely to encourage greater ___ levels. | passivity activity |
| increasing research evidence suggests that ___ is/are brought about by genetic factors. | temperament |
| three days after fertilization, the organism consists of some ___ cells, and by the next day the number doubles. | 32 |
| what is the stage that begins at about 8 weeks after conception and continues until birth? | fetus stage |
| what is the term for a developing child from 8 weeks after conception until birth? | fetus |
| IN THE EMBRYONIC STAGE, THE NERVOUS SYSTEM BEGINS TO FUNCTION AROUND THE ___ WEEK, AND WEAR BRAIN WAVES BEGIN TO TO PRODUCED | 5 |
| what is the term for the procedure of fertilization in which a man's sperm is placed directly into a woman's vagina by a physician? | artifical insemination |
| gamete intrafallopian transfer (GIFT) and zygote intrafallopian transfer (ZIFT) are forms of what type of procedure? | in vitro fertilization |
| what is the term for an environmental factor that produces birth defects? | teratogen |
| women who give birth over the are of ___ are at a greater risk for a variety of pregnancy and birth complications. | 30 |
| women who become pregnant during ___ are more likely to have premature deliveries | adolescence |
| the onset of ___ in the mother prior to the 11th week of pregnancy is likely to cause serious consequences including blindness, deafness, heart defects, or brain damage to the baby. | rubella |
| if mothers who carry the AIDS virus are treated with antiviral drugs such as AZT during pregnancy, less that ___% of infants are born with AIDS. | 5 |
| children of mothers who are addicted to ___ may be born addicted to the drug and may suffer through withdrawal. | cocaine |
| pregnant women who ___ are ___ times more likely to have babies that are shorter with an abnormally low birth weight. | smoke 2 |
| infants are able to pick up small objects like marbles off of the ground at ___ months | 11 |
| the american academy of pediatrics and the US congress agree that women whould stay in the hospital no less than ___ hours after giving birth. | 48 |
| an infant who learns that smiling at his or her parents bring positive attention, and therefore begins to smile more often, is demonstrating what type of learning? | operant conditioning |
| according to Thomas and Chess, who carried out a large scale study of infants in the NY logintudinal study, what percentage of children were found to be "difficult babies?" | 10 |
| alisha was born earlier than 25 weeks, and such would be classified as | very low birth weight |
| one of the earliest examples of classical conditioning was demonstrated in the case of an 11 month old infant named ___, whose learned fear of rats generalized to include rabbits and other furry items. | little albert |
| the birth of a baby usually occurs ___ days after conception | 266 |
| because of the rise in cesarean births in the US, medical authorities currently recommend ___ use of fetal monitors. | no |
| what is the term that thomas and chess used to describe babies who have negative moods, are slow to adapt to new situations, and tend to withdraw when confronted with a new situation? | difficult babies |
| the neck of the uterus that seperates it from the vagina is called | cervix |
| the rate of infant mortality in the US is ___ many other countries | higher than |
| what is the birthingtechnique that uses breathingtechniques and relaxation involves a coach and provides training that allows women to cope with contractions by concentration on their breathing to produce a relaxation response rather than tensing up | lamaze |
| a neonate enters the world with unlearned, organized, and invoulntary responses that occur automatically in the presence of stimuli; these responses are called | reflexes |
| if a baby is being born feet first, this is called | breech position |
| by the age of ___ months, babies can move themselves in different directions | 6 |
| 9 month old baby luke and 10 month old baby simone are sitting in the play area together at the day care center. they smile at each other and present and accept toys from each other. this behavior is | infant sociability |
| a newborn scores under 4 on the Apgar scale. This means that the baby | needs immediate, life-saving intervention |
| what is eriksons term for the period during which toddles (18-36 mos) develop independence and autonomy if they are allowed the freedom to explore or shame and self doubt if they are restricted and over protected? | autonomy vs shame and doubt |
| a neonate enters with world with all of the following abilities: | breathing automatically, rooting reflex, highly developed sense of smell and taste |
| when does the greatest increase in height and weight occur? | during the 1st year of life |
| communication with other neurons is done by means of ___ that travel across the small gaps called ___. | neurotransmitters synapses |
| research indicates that babies are born to mothers who recieved anesthetics during childbirth cry less than babies whose mothers do not recieve anesthesia | false |
| Maria and thomas are preparing for the birth of their baby and are trying to decide whether or not to breastfeed their new baby. what are the benefits of breastmilk? | contains all of the nutrients necessary for growth, offers some immunities from childhood diseases, and is more easily digested. |
| which of the following would be considered a concern for 6 year old preterm children compared to full term children? | learning disabilities, behavorial disorders, a need for special education |
| what is the term for positive emotional bond that develops between a child and a particular individual? | attachment |
| what is the fatty substance that helps insulate neurons and speeds the transmission of nerve impulses? | myelin |
| babies need to consume at least twice the amount of calories per pound of body weight per day that adults would need to consume. | true |
| william and sanys baby was considered perterm because | the baby was born prior to 38 weeks after conception |
| infants who remain inside their mother's womb and unborn for two weeks after the mother's due date are at no risk. | false |
| what does the american academy of pediatrics suggest to prevent sids? | back to sleep guidelines |
| 18 month old amanda stops regularly to gaze at herself as she crawls around the floor near the full length bathroom mirror. what is the likely reason that amanda looks at the mirror? | self awareness |
| during the first ___ year(s) of life, a baby's brain will establish billions of new connections between neurons | 2 |
| what is the name of the principle that is based on greek and latin roots meaning "head to tail" | cephalocaudal |
| which childbirth method is known as the "husband coached childbirth" | bradely |
| once a very low birthweight child reaches his/her first year of age, the medical care costs for that child decrease drastically. | false |
| what type of medications produce numbness from the waist down? | epidural anesthesia |
| they synapses and myelinization experience a growth spurt at around 3 to 4 months in the area of the cortex involving the ___ and the _____ | auditory cortex visual cortex |
| infant norms are useful only to the extent that they are based on data from a large heterogeneous and cultrally diverse sample of children | false |
| paiget's views of the ways infants learn could be summarized in a simple equation: action = knowledge | true |
| what does the american academy of pediatrics suggest to prevent SIDS? | use of a monitor |
| what was a noticeable finding in Sybil hart's research on infant jealousy? | jealousy seemed to have existed in infants as young as 6 months old |
| perterm infants are at a high risk of illness and death because | they have not had time to fully develop |
| by what are has an infant begun to understand the emotions that lie behind facial and vocal expressions of others? | 6months |
| by what age are children purposefully using smiling to communicate positive emotions? | 2 years |
| in the US in the 1970s, the average hospital stay for a normal birth was ___ days | 3.9 |
| at what age can a child stand alone well? | 11 months |
| according to erikson, when do we all pass through the trust vs mistrust stage? | first 18 months of life |
| what is the term for unlearned, unorganized, invoulntary responses that occur automatically in the presence of certain stimuli? | reflexes |
| according to thomas and chess, what percentage of babies were found to be "slow to warm?" | 15 |
| when discussing the dimentions of temperament, what is the term used to refer to the degree to which stimuli in the environment alter behavior | distractability |
| due to malnutrition, a child's stomach, limbs, and face may swell with water so that they child actually appears chibby, but in fact the child is suffering from | kwashiorkor |
| all of the following are examples of temperament of babes | the baby's activity level, the quality of the baby's mood, rhythmicity |
| at what age can a child buld a tower of two blocks? | 14 months |
| developmental researchers failed to find suporting evidence that bonding within the first few hours after birth is essential for a lasting responsive relationship between mother and child | true |
| infants who weigh less than 2500g (5.5 lbs) at birth are called | low birthweight |
| a newborn baby's body lacks easy mobility because | the head is larger than the body, limbs are short, bodies are mostly fat nor muscle |
| what is considered the most extreme case of prematurity? | very low birthweight infants |
| what birthing method was achieved widespread popularity in the US and involves breathing techniques and relaxation training? | lamaze |
| what is the term that related to one's sense of being male or female? | gender |
Created by:
Cuteodile