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PHT 100
chapter 1 part 1
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Ancient Egyptians compiled lists of drugs known as | Formularies Dispensatories Pharmacopeias |
| Greeks first took a | scientific approach to medicine |
| Pharmacy comes from | the ancient Greek pharmakon, meaning Drug Remedy |
| Hippocrates was | Father of medicine” |
| Hippocrates believed illness was | physical rather than spiritual |
| Hippocrates | Used scientific principles to Identify disease Determine the cause of disease Treat disease |
| Dioscorides (first century A.D.) | Wrote De Materia Medica (On Medical Matters) |
| On Medical Matters | Included information on Herbal remedies Usage Side effects Quantities Dosages Storage |
| expected drug costs | in 2016 the annual cost could reach $500 bill., an 82% from 2006. |
| illnesses in the ancient days | were thought to be caused by demons, magic & prayer were practiced |
| in ancient iraq/iran (mesopotania) | plants, animals,& minerals were listed as medical agents |
| ebers papyrus was | a list written in 1500 b.c. with recipes |
| ancient and today china and india | dispenses herbal supplements like ginseng for energy |
| hippocrates had an oath | the hippocratic oath "do no harm" |
| dioscorides was a greek | physician who served in the roman army during the nero era |
| dioscorrides wrote his book | on the effects and uses of herbs |
| galen was a greek | physician of 130-200 a.d. who was considered the father of pharmacy |
| galen organized | 6 centuries of medical and pharmaceutical knowledge and did animal testing. |
| galen's systematic classification of drugs | for nearly a century went unchallenged |
| galenical pharmacy | includes extracting active medicinals from plants as galen did |
| in europe & persian empire | pharm] practices grew in the middle ages |
| the arabic are credited for | drug dosages/formulations (pills, syrups, extracts) |
| the arabic are also credited for | identifying pharmacists as licensed professional |
| the apothecary concept | developed in western europe in the 11th & 12th centuries along with the creation of professional guilds based on the influence of ancient greek & arabic people |
| the guilds maintained | monopoly & control of training & apprenticeship length |
| the pre-state pharmacy boards | were guilds & sparked professional organizations in relation to it. |
| during the renaissance era (1350-1650 a.d.) | the europeans questioned the greek/roman/arabic pharm] practices |
| europe had alchemy | using chemicals, metallurgy, physics, astrological medicine, & spiritual mysticism |
| the alchemist would try to change | common metal to gold and silver |
| in the new wolrd, pharmacists became | chemists as well as botanists because drugs were made of herbs & spices |
| religious orders | ran pharm]s & hospitals |
| monastic facilities | for larger communities & meds for the poor |
| emergence of science& publishing | advanced pharm] practice in 1600's |
| greek/latin classics were learned by | scholars in the scientific revolution of the renaisance period |
| pharmacology & pharmacognosy was prompted by | rudimentary testing & research determining the efficacy of botanical drugs. |
| each major european city had | a pharmacopeia (drug list) which later went nat'l |
| martindales pharmacopeia | is still a well respected drug reference material since 17 cent. great brittain |
| colonial pharmacists | wore other hats (physicians, storekeepers, merchants, & druggist) then the pisitions later divided |
| revisions of u.s. pharmacopeia | 1820 u.s. developed this pharmacopeia |
| the american pharmaceutical association | was organized in 1852 for adulteration of imported drugs & focused on scientific basises |
| the nat'l association of retail druggists | focused more on business |
| drugs today are highly complex with | synthetic chemicals that are efficacious and potentially toxic |
| 3/5 of pharm]s are | community (retail) |
| independently owned pharm]s (especially in the metropolitan area) have | less competition with those of retail |
| 21% of pharm]s are | independent |
| 53% of pharm]s are | chains |
| 12% of pharm]s are | food stores |
| 8% of pharm]s are | long term/clinical |
| 6% of pharm]s are | mail service |
| degrees of retail pharmacists include | bachelor of science & doctor of pharm] |
| chain pharm]s can be | nat'l or regional |
| the administrative decisions in pharm] chains | are made corporately |
| independent pharm]s are | community, owned, or oporated by one or more pharmacists |
| compounding is mostly done at | independent pharmacies and some of those pharmacies have meerged into compounding pharmacies |
| uncommercially available (un)sterile drugs | are prepared at compounding pharm]s |
| pharmacists owners independent pharm]s | decides to practice pharm] |
| a franchise pharm] | is an independent & retail pharm] combined |
| what varies in a franchise pharm] | is the agreements involved |
| franchise grants exclusive use of company's | name/rights to sell products to franchise owner/oporator of store |
| apothecaries are meds that are | commonly health related products and services |
| medicine shoppe internet inc. | is a franchise pharm] owned by cardinal health company |
| crdinal health company is | the largest franchiser of independant pharm] in the u.s. |
| franchise pharm] care is | more personalized than retail competitors |
| mail order pharm] is ran by | centralized operation using automation & pharm] techs to mail large volumes of dispension daily |
| mail order pharm] gets low cost drugs to | the insurance & customers (most insurance companies prefer) |
Created by:
frescah
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