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SLPA Anatomy CH 2
Post Test 1
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| The lungs are covered with ___ ___ which, in conjunction with the thoracic wall, provide the mechanism for air movement through muscular action | Pleural linings |
| What happens to the lungs when the diaphragm contracts? | They are pulled down because of the association between the pleurae and the diaphragm |
| What is the primary muscle of inspiration? | The diaphragm |
| The fibers of the diaphragm pull on the ___ ___, resulting in the downward motion of the diaphragm during inspiration | Central tendon |
| What movement expands the lungs in the vertical dimension? | Diaphragm moving down |
| What does the diaphragm separate? | The thorax from the abdomen |
| What are the points of attachment for the diaphragm? | sternum, costal (ribs), vertebral |
| The diaphragm attaches at the ___ ___ of the sternum | xiphoid process |
| The diaphragm attaches to ribs ___ through ___ | 7 through 12 |
| How do muscle fibers in the diaphragm radiate? | Medially (toward the middle of the diaphragm) |
| The vertebral attachments form a left and right crus. These segments converse and encircle the ____ ____ | esophageal hiatus |
| What is the major muscular activity of inspiration? | When the diaphragm contracts, the volume increases and the pressure decreases |
| The diaphragm is innervated by the ___ ___ | phrenic nerve |
| Where does the phrenic nerve originate? | the cervical plexus |
| What is a plexus? | A group of nerves coming together for a certain purpose |
| What nerve serves as the inferior most boundary of the diaphragm? | the lower intercostal nerve |
| Elevating the rib cage increases the ____ dimension and is produced by the _____ muscles of inspiration | Transverse, accessory |
| What are the two major sets of muscles between the ribs? | External and Internal intercostal muscles |
| What are the primary accessory muscles of inspiration? | external intercostal muscles |
| How do external intercostal muscles run? | From the undersurface of one rib to the rib below it |
| _____ _____ are NOT found in the chondral portion | External intercostals |
| ____ ____ are near the sternum | Internal intercostals |
| The internal intercostal muscles are used primarily for expiration with exception of the internal intercostals found in the ____ ___ of the rib cage | chondral portion |
| The intercostal muscles are innervated by the _____ nerves arising from the spinal nerves t_ through t_ | Intercostal; t2 through t12 |
| What are the 2 parts of the levatores costarum muscle? | Brevis & longis |
| There are __ pairs of brevis muscles (running from the first to the twelfth rib) | 12 |
| The levator costarum longis skips a rib. It is found in the ____ thorax only and elevates ribs ___ through ___. | Lower thorax; ribs 9 through 12 |
| serratus posterior superior muscles are only found in the ___ ___ thorax | upper posterior |
| The serratus posterior superior are innervated by ____ nerves | intercostal |
| The ____ ____ and the ____ ____ muscles elevate the FIRST rib only | anterior scalene, middle scalene |
| The ____ ___ muscles elevate the SECOND rib only | posterior scalene |
| What are two important muscles of the upper extremities and shoulder? | Pectoralis major; pectoralis minor |
| Pectoralis major has 2 heads: _____ head and the _____ head | sternal; clavicular |
| Where do both heads of the pectoralis major converge? | on the humerus |
| Pectoralis minor is ____ to pectoralis major | deep |
| The posterior muscles of the upper limb are primarily ____ | supportive (they don't elevate the rib cage, but they stabilize it so it can be elevated) |
| ____ makes up the superficial upper back and neck | trapezius |
| Where does the trapezius originate? | spinous processes of c2 to t12 |
| What nerve innervates the trapezius? | XI accessory nerve |
| What is the point of insertion for the trapezius? | the scapula and clavicle |
| Where does the levator scapulae originate? | the transverse processes of c1 through c4 |
| Where is the point of insertion for the levator scapulae? | medial scapula |
| What innervates the levator scapulae? | cervical plexus |
| What is the point of insertion for the rhomboideus major and minor? | the scapula |
| The rhomboids are innervated by the ____ ____ | brachial plexus |
| Expiration can be both ____ or ____ | passive; active |
| What is a muscle of forced expiration? | Any muscle capable of depressing the ribs |
| The portion of the intercostal muscles which is active in expiration is the region ______ ____ ____. The chondral portion is active during _____. | between the bones (osseous portion); inspiration |
| In forced expiration, the diaphragm moves what way? | up |
| What are the 4 sets of abdominal muscles responsible for forced respiration? | Transversus abdominis, internal oblique abdominis, external oblique abdominis, rectus abdominis |
| The transversus abdominis originates from the _____ ____, inserts into a _____ in the anterior, and is innervated by the t___ through t____ intercostal nerves and first ____ spinal nerve | spinal column, aponeurosis, t7 through t12, first lumbar spinal nerve |
| What muscle is the most superficial of all of the abdominal muscles? | external oblique abdominis |
| The external oblique abdominis is innervated by spinal t___ through t___ and subcostal nerve from t____ | t7 through t11, t12 |
Created by:
jjohns53