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Chemistry Test 2-1
basics of chemistry test
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| the study of the ocmposition, structure, and properties of matter and the changes it undergoes | chemistry |
| extend our ability to observe and make measurements | instruments |
| study of most compounds containing carbon | organic chemistry |
| study of the properties and changes in matter and their relation to energy | physical chemistry |
| study of compounds not containing carbon | inorganic chemistry |
| the type of chemistry we are studying | inorganic |
| involved with identifying the composition of materials | analytical chemistry |
| study of substances and processes in living things | biochemistry |
| involves using math to understand the principles between chemical behaviors and to predict the properties of new compounds | theoretical chemistry |
| list 4 uses of chemistry: | -learning about ancient cultures -taking photographs -using fireworks -making sure our water is safe |
| any substance that has definite composition | chemical |
| type of research used to increase knowledge | basic |
| type of research used to solve problems | applied |
| type of research that usually involes the production and use of products that improve our quality of life | technological development |
| changing one element to another | transmutation |
| purifying liquids through evaporation and condensation | distillation |
| ___developed in Europe around the time of the ___ | modern chemistry, American Revolution |
| Modern chemistry was spurred on by develpment of better equipment such as the___ | balance |
| the father of modern chemistry | Lavoisier |
| the rapid combination of oxygen with a substance releasing heat and light | combustion |
| showed that oxygen is involved in combustion and rusting | Lavoisier |
| discovered that uranium gives off radiation | Henri Becquerel |
| discovered new radioactive elements | Marie and Pierre Curie |
| realized that radioactivve elements decayed into new elements | Ernesst Rutherford and Frederick Soddy |
| how is transmutation carried out today? | by bombarding atomic nuclei with accelerated atomic particles |
| the amount of 3-D space an object takes up | volume |
| the measure of the amount of matter present | mass |
| anything that has mass and takes up space | matter |
| smallest unit of an element that keeps the properties of that element | atom |
| a pure substance made of 1 kind of atom | element |
| a substance that is made from the atoms of 2 or more elements that are chemically bonded | compound |
| the smallest unit of an element or compound that keeps the properties of that element or compound | molecule |
| characteristics used to distinguish between substances and to separate substances | properties |
| property that depends on the amount of matter present | extensive property |
| property that does not depend on amount of matter present | intensive property |
| characteristics that can be observed or measured without change to the identity of the substance itself | physical property |
| property that relates to a substance's ability to undergo changes that make it a different substance | chemical property |
| changes in substances that do not involve a change in the identity of the substance | physical change |
| changes in which one or more substances are converted into diffrent substances | chemical change |
| states that the total amount of matter before and after a chemical reaction remains the same | Law of Conservation of Mass |
| substances that react in a chemcial reaction | reactants |
| substances formed in a chemical reaction | products |
| change that occurs in the nucleus of an atom; tremendous amount of energy is given off; creates a new element | nucleur change |
| the number of_________gives an element its identity | protons |
| have definite volume and definite shape | solids |
| have defintie volume and indefinite shape | liquid |
| have indefinite volume and indefinite shape | gases |
| high temperature state of matter in which the atoms of the substance lose electrons | plasma |
| change in state from solid to gas | sublimation |
| change in state from gas to solid | deposition |
| __ is involved in both chemical and physical changes | energy |
| states that although energy can be absorbed or released in a change, it cannot be destroyed | Law of Conservation of Energy |
| energy is absorbed | endothermic reaction |
| energy is released | exothermic reaction |
| the composition of pure substances is the _____ | same throughout |
| pure substances include ___ & ___ | elements and compounds |
| blend of two or more kinds of matter, each of which keeps its own identity and properties | mixture |
| uniform in composition, have same proportion of components throughout, also called solutions | homogeneous mixture |
| not uniform in composition | heterogeneous mixture |
| list 4 physical ways to separate mixtures: | -filtration -decanting -centrifuge -distillation |
| elements can only be broken down by ____ | nucleur means |
| an arrangement of the elements by way of increasing atomic number from left to right | periodic table |
| # of protons in the nucleus | atomic number |
| vertical column on the periodic table; contains elements with similar chemical properties because each has the same # of outer shell electrons | group |
| horizontal row on periodic table; physical and chemical properties change as elements go from left to right; elements in same ___have same # of energy levels | period |
| elements 51-71 | lanthanide |
| elements 89-103 | actinide |
| metals are found where on the period table | to the left of the stairs |
| metalloids are found where on the periodic table? | on or below the stairs (do not include polonium, aluminum, or astatine) |
| where are nonmetals found on periodic table? | to the right of the stairs |
| where are noble gases found? | in the last group |
| -conduct heat and electricity -have metallic luster -most are solids at room temp -malleable (can be hammered into thick sheets) -ductile (can be drawn into wires) -have high tensile strength (resist breaking) | metals |
| poor conducter of heat and electricity mainly gases at room temp if solid, it is brittle | nonmetal |
| characterics of metals and nonmetals all are solids at room temp less malleable than metals but not as brittle as nonmetals semiconducting properties | metalloids |
| generally nonreactive gases at room temperature | noble gases |
| 4 noble gases used in lighting | neon, krypton, argon, xenon |
| noble gas used in balloon making | helium |
| noble gas that is radioactive and heaviest gas | radon |
| liquid nonmetal | bromine |
| liquid metal | mercury |
| metal with highest melting point, used to make light bulbs | tungsten |
| group _ metals are soft and can be cut with a knife | 1 |
| very hard metal | chromium |
| very brittle metals | manganese and bismuth |
| very malleable and ductile metals | iron and copper |
Created by:
lovecamille018
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