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Matter and Change
Chem
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| - Properties of matter can be classifies into 2 categories: | ○ Extensive and intensive |
| ○ Depend on the amount of matter in a sample | extensive |
| Ex: extensive | mass and volume |
| Depend on the type of matter in a sample. | intensive |
| ex: intensive | hardness, color, and melting point. (inside) |
| Is matter that has a uniform and definite composition | substance |
| ex:substance | water |
| All samples of a given substance have identical _________ properties because they have the ______ ________composition. | intensive; same ; chemical |
| All samples of a given substance do not have identical ______properties. | extensive |
| Would you identify a substance by its intensive properties or its extensive properties? | intensive |
| what do Intensive and extensive properties of matter have in common. | § They are both physical properties. |
| ○ is a quality or condition which can be observed on measured without changing a substance's composition. | physical |
| - 3 states (phases) of matter | solid, liquid, gas |
| Definite shape and definite volume. | solid |
| indefinite shape and definite volume. | liquid |
| Indefinite shape and indefinite volume. | gas |
| - Particles of a solid (3) | ○ Packed closely together ○ In a ridged arrangement ○ Not easily compressed. |
| - Particles of a liquid (3) | ○ Close together ○ Free to flow past one another Not easily compressed |
| - Particles of a gas (3) | ○ Relatively far apart ○ Able to move freely ○ Easily compressed |
| is a substance that exists in the gaseous state at room temperature (20oC) | Gas |
| is a gaseous substance which generally exists either as a liquid or solid at room temperature (20oC) | vapor |
| ○ Some properties of a material changes ○ Composition of a material does not change | physical |
| can either be classified as reversible or irreversible | physical |
| § Are described by words such as boil, freeze, melt and condense § Are changes in the state of matter □ Ex: wax (L) -> wax(S) | Reversible |
| § Are described by words such as: break, split, grind, cut § Think of humpty Dumpty's great fall | Irreversible |
| ○ Are physical blends of two or more components | mixtures |
| ○ Can be classified as homogeneous or heterogeneous | mixtures |
| ○ Has a uniform composition throughout ○ Will remain uniform when motionless | Homogeneous mixtures (solution) |
| § Ex: air (gas solution) □ Stainless steel (solid solution) □ Salt water (liquid solution) | Homogeneous mixtures (solution) |
| ○ Does not have a uniform composition ○ Consists of 2 or more phases | - Heterogeneous mixture |
| § Ex: ice water Oil and vinegar salad dressing. | - Heterogeneous mixture |
| ○ Any part of a sample with uniform composition and properties | phase |
| 2 phases of ice water | ice and water (solid and liquid) |
| - All homogeneous mixtures consist of only ____ phase | ONE |
| - One components of a mixture can sometimes be ______if they have different physical properties. | separated |
| § can be done to separate a solid component from a liquid component. | filtration |
| Can sometimes be done to separate components having different boiling points | distillation |
| is a process in which a liquid mixture is heated to produce a vapor which is then condensed into a liquid. | distillation |
| ® What can you infer about the boiling point of substances dissolving in the impure water in this picture? | ◊ Higher boiling points |
| _____ ○ Is matter that has a uniform and definite (fixed) composition | Substance |
| Can be classified as elements and compounds. | Substance |
| __Is the simplest form of matter that has a unique set of properties. | element |
| Cannot be broken down into simple substances by chemical means. | element |
| ○ Made up of 2 or more elements chemically combined | compound |
| Can be broken down into simples substances by chemical means | compound |
| name 2 chemical changes? (ex) | § Sugar -> heat = carbon and water □ (this is a chemical change) Electricity ○ Water ----> hydrogen + oxygen § (this is a chemical change) |
| is a change that produces ore or more new substances. | Chemical Change |
| does not produce a new substance. | Physical Change |
| are often quite different from their component elements | One properties of a compounds |
| If the composition of a material is fixed, the material is a _______. | Substance |
| If the composition of a material may vary, the material is a _______. | mixtures |
| are used to represent elements. | Chemical symbols |
| Represent compounds | - Chemical Formula |
| Consists of chemical symbols and subscripts | chemical formula |
| indicate the relative proportion of the element in a compound. | subscripts |
| - Chemical Change (chemical reaction) The composition of matter _________ changes | always |
| ○ One or more substances change into one or more new substances | chemical change |
| ○ The substances present at the start of a reaction are called _______ | reactants |
| ○ The substances produced are called | products |
| ○ Chemical changes can be represented by an equation: _________ -> _________ | § Reactants --> products |
| Mass of products is _______ equal to the mass of the reactant | always |
| - The law of conservation of mass | ○ Says that in any physical change or chemical change mass is conserved § (mass is neither created or destroyed) |
| - 4 possible clues to a chemical change: | 1.Transfer of energy 2. A change in color 3.The production of a gas 4. The formation of a precipitate |
| i. Ex: heat is given off | transfer of energy |
| i. Ex: cobalt chloride paper turned from blue to pink | change in color |
| i. Ex: occurs when the air bag in your car is activated. | production of gas |
| i. A precipitate is a solid that forms and settles out of a liquid mixture. | 4. The formation of a precipitate |
| If you observe a clue to a chemical change, you __________be certain a chemical change has occurred. | cannot |
| ○ Is the ability of a substance to undergo a specific chemical change. | chemical property |
| ○ Are observed only when a substance undergoes a _____ | chemical reaction. |
| diagram! | see notes |
Created by:
lax5