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Topic 3 Lesson 2
Natural Resources and Environmental Quality
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| this act Prohibited the construction of any bridge, dam, dike, or causeway over any navigable waterway without Congressional Approval. Also required Congressional approval for all wharfs, piers, or jetties, | 1899 Rivers and Harbor Act |
| This allowed the Surgeon General working w/ other governmental entities, to prepare a comprehensive program to eliminate/reduce the pollution of interstate waters and tributaries and improving the sanitary conditions of surface and underground waters. | 1948 Water Pollutant control act |
| Established the Water Pollution Control Administration within the Department of the Interior. This was the first time water quality was treated as an environmental concern rather than a public health concern. | 1965 Water Quality Act |
| Provides that any major federal action or policy that has significant impact on environ will require Environmental Impact Analysis (EIS) | National Environment Policy Act of 1969 |
| probable impact of proposed action; adverse environ effects that cannot be avoided; alternatives to proposed action;relationship btwn shortterm use man's environ & maint & enhancement of longterm productivity; irreversible & irretrievable commit | Environmental Impact Statement |
| Mandates state programs to delinate coastal boundaries, regulate activities within them & inventory areas req. protection. | 1972 Coastal Zone Managment Act |
| Requires states to control water pollution | Federal Water Poolutant Act of 1972 |
| . Must have permit if discharge pollutants into body of water, amt of discharge regulated by ambient and effuent water quality stds. Excl ship sewage. | Clean water act of 1977 |
| Federal government sets ambient air quality standards and states devise methods to meet the standards. | Clean Air Act 1990 |
| First Earth Day? | April 22, 1970 |
| Established in 1927, to build and operate the Colorado River Aqueduct. Aqueduct built between 1933 and 1941 and ran a water pipeline to Los Angeles. | Metropolitan Water District of SOuthern California |
| SHe is Author of Silent Spring, published in 1962. Examined the dangers of chemical pesticides, such as DDT, on plants, animals, and humans. Major influential in the way people think about the environment. | Rachel Carlson |
| Discharged directly from a specific site, such as a sewage treatment plant or an industrial pipe. | Point Source Pollution |
| Provided protection of animal and plant species that the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service designate as threatened or endangered. Act was later amended in 1988. | Endangered Species Act 1973 |
| Promoted alternative energy sources, energy efficiency, and reduced dependence on foreign oil. It also created a market for non-utility power producers and requires competition in the utility industry. | 1978 Public Utility Regulatory Policy Act (PURPA) |
| Created a $1.6 billion Superfund to clean up abandoned hazardous waste sites and requires major industries to report annual releases of toxic wastes into the air, water, or ground. "Superfund Sites" | 1980 Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act |
| Lowering a thermostat by 1 degree Fahrenheit can reduce a heating bill by what percent? | 3% |
| provide navigation, flood control, electricity generation, fertilizer manufacturing, and economic development in a region particularly hard hit by the Great Depression. Served as a large-scale regional planning program. | 1933 Tennessee Valley Authority |
| The system for granting and regulating discharge permits. Regulates both point and non-point sources that discharge pollutants into waters of the U.S. | National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) |
| The discharge of pollutants into the environment in an untreated, partially treated, or completely treated state. | Effluent |
| What is a Estuary? | salt water meets fresh water |
| What is a lagoon? | a shallow body of water that is located alongside a coast. |
| What is a marsh? | is a type of freshwater, brackish water or saltwater wetland found along rivers, ponds, lakes, and coasts. It does not accumulate appreciable peat deposits and is dominated by herbaceous vegetation. |
| What is a reservoir? | is a pond, lake, tank, or basin that can be used for the storage and control of water, and can be either natural or man-made. |
| What is surface water? | includes rivers, lakes, oceans, ocean-like water bodies, and coastal tidal waters. |
| What is a swamp? | a freshwater wetland that has spongy, muddy land and a lot of water. |
| What is a watershed? | a region drained by, or contributing water to, a surface water body. |
| What are wetlands? | include swamps, marshes, bogs, and other similar areas. |
| What was an amendment of of the 1972 Federal Water pollutant Act? | 1977 Clean water act |
| Army Corps of Engineers to issue permits for the discharge of dredged or fill material into the navigable waters of the United States | authorizes under Section 404 of the clean water act |
| significant event. Association with a specific person. An architectural style. Site of a pre-historic “mound”. | all qualify for historic registration |
| THe land and water conservation fund requires state to prepare what program? | outdoor recreation plans |
| is designed to regulate material that can pose a substantial threat to public health or the environment if improperly managed. | the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act |
| What is the federal law regulating the chemical plants use of hazardous materials | The Emergency Planning and Community Right to Know Act |
| This is an ancient concept, dating back to Roman law. this document holds that certain land is so unique that it should be held in trust by the government for the use and benefit of the public. | public trust doctrine |
| In 1994, President Clinton signed an Executive Order that directed all federal agencies to ensure that their policies and practices do not have disproportionate adverse environmental or health impacts on low-income or minority communities. | Environmental Justice |
| . Created in 1931 1. Provided funding for the redevelopment of the Tennessee Valley 2.Resulted in power generation 3.served as a large-scale regional planning program | Tennessee Valley Authority |
| In what federal environmental law is the term "potentially responsible parties" (PRPs) used | CERCLA. The Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation and Liability Act (CERCLA) identifies potentially responsible parties for environmental contamination. |
| Council on Environmental Quality (CEQ) is responsible for coordinating which of the following federal programs | I. National Environmental Policy Act II. Clean Air Act III. Clean Water Act IV. Farm Bill Conservation |
| Rights of a land owner to water on, under or adjacent to his/her land. | Riparian rights. |
| THe soils above a water table are known as? | zone of aeration |
| The land area that contributes recharge immidiately adjacent to a public water supply well is typically reffered as? | A zone of influence |
| What is SIA? | Social Impact Assessment |
| What is the SIA part of? | EIA, socioeconomic impact assessment associated with EIR and EIS documents. |
| dealing with the issues of logging, oil exploration, and beach access with comprehensive planning? | dealing with the issues of logging, oil exploration, and beach access with comprehensive planning? |
| how many sections are there in the EIS? | 4 |
| What is a fonsi? | A fonsi is a finding of significant impacts. After EIS. |
| What is the first thing required in the Environmental Impact Statement? | Scoping |
| What is the purpose of scoping? | is to assist the preparers of the EIS to explain the project to the public and affected agencies |
| What is a geologic material with little or no permeability or conductivity? | Confining Layer |
| This was an amendment to the Federal Water Pollutant Control Act of 1972. | The Clean Water Act of 1977 |
| In order to discharge pollutants into the water, a_______________be obtained from the National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES). | Point Source Discharge Permit |
| The federal government sets ambient standards and the states must devise methods that enables these standards to be met. Air cannot be contained in one location, so Air Quality Control Regions (AQCR) were created to measure air quality in airsheds. | The Clean Air Act was passed in 1990 |
| _________________________ relates to air quality and requires that a project will not increase emissions above a specified PSD increment. | Prevention of Significant Deterioration (PSD) |
| in cooperation with other governmental entities, to prepare a comprehensive program for eliminating or reducing the pollution of interstate waters and tributaries and improving the sanitary condition of surface and underground waters. | The Water Pollutant Control Act of 1948 |
| When an EIS is not required what is then declared? | Finding of no significant impact (FONSI). |
| what law regulates the transportation, treatment, storage and disposal of solid and toxic wastes. | Resource Conservation and Recovery Act of 1976 |
| HOw was the NPDES established? | 1972 Federal Water Pollution Control Act of 1972 |
| Can NPDES permits be used for both water and air quality standards? | YEs. |
| Water in this area flows directly into the wells aquifer. | Primary Recharge Area |
| Water in this area flows directly into the wells primary recharge area. | Secondary Recharge Area |
| Water in this area flows into the wells primary recharge area over a longer period of time? | Tertiary Recharge Area |
| What four mechanisms can help preserve agriculture land? | Agriculture aoning, TDR, Purchase of Development rights and right to farm ordinance. |
| Which of the following standards for air and water quality restrict the discharge of pollutants into the environment? | Effluent |
| This EPA document will identify where additional research, data quality improvements, and information are needed. | EPA's "Environmental Indicators Initiative |
| This is an underground bed or stratum of earth, gravel or porous stone that contains water | Aquifer |
| What is environmental justice? | Discrimination in any program receiving federal financial assistance |
| these acts have what in common: National Environmental Policy Act, Clean Air Act, Clean Water Act, Farm Bill Conservation | The Council on Environmental Quality (CEQ) is responsible for coordinating |
| This is type of legal description, The SW 1/4 of the NE 1/4 of the SE 1/4 of Section 7 | Township range |
| What is carbon sequestration | the capture of carbon dioxide (CO2) i.e. Institute a food waste diversion program at all city facilities, Create an urban forestry program |
| Secondary Treatment used | Waste water treatment |
| When was the sierra club founded? | 1892 |
| stormwater runoff that is not any greater after the development of the site than before the site was actually developed | Zero Discharge Standards |
| Environmental Impact Statements must address how many "big" questions? | 5 |
| What is secondary treatment? | the first stage of sewage treatment. "settlemant" |
| One of the key products of the Environmental Indicators Initiative will be developing and publishing a “_______________,” | State of the Environment Report |
| What environmental act require the least active role by local government? | NEPA |
| Establishes the Council on Environmental Quality (CEQ) which is headed by a fulltime Chair that oversees NEPA. | Title II of NEPA |
| Wen was the EPA indicator Intiative? | November 2001 |
| In June 2003 EPA published... | The first national draft report on the environment. |
| In the United States, the first national wildlife refuge was created by...? | President Theodore Roosevelt. Pelican Island was created on March 14, 1903 |
| The congressional finding that millions of tons of reversible material which could be used is needlessly buried each year? | Solid Waste Disposal Act |
| What is an effective technique for managing growth? | Adequate Public Facilities |
| The Scottish-American naturalist and explorer who was a strong advocate for the creation of Yosemite National Park was? | John Muir |
| the creation of a single large wetlan area to replace several smaller wetlan areas. | Mitigation Banks |
| A geographic border that divides precipitation amounts | isohyet |
| What is a tool for improving water quality? | TMDL (total maximum daly loads) |
| s a calculation of maximum amount of a pollutant that a waterbody can receive and still meet water quality standards | Total Maximum daily loads (TMDL) |
| TDR is an effective technique to protect? | Surface watersheds |
| This term allows floods from a bordering land, temporary flood storage, and protection from storm damage prevention? | Bordering. |
| Soils above a water table are known as...? | Zone of Aeration |
| A basin that supports diverse and unique plant and wildlife specieis? | vernal pool. |
| The term critical habitat is most likely found in what federal act? | Endangered Species Act |
| he soil's ability to reduce the severity of groundwater contamination | Attenuation |
| IS scoping a propoer methodology for conducting an environmental impact assessment? | No |
| affected environment/existing conditions, regulatory environment, impact analysis, and mitigation measures/measures to reduce harm. all represent what? | the 4 sections in EIS. |
| What does NAAQ's mean? | National Ambient Air Quality Standards |
| EPA required to establish what two standards? | Primary, necessary to protect public health and secondary necessary to protect public welfare. |
| Air quality term: non-deterioration means what? | areas are considered clean |
| Air quality term: Non-attainment | not meeting primary or secondary NAAQs |
| What permit system needed when discharging any pollutant into the waters of the US. | National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES). |
| ________standards are for air and water quality relating to the quality of the receiving environment that is used to judge the overall improvements in the environmental quality. | Ambient |
| the supply of freshwater under the earth's surface in an aquifer or soil that forms the natural reservoir | This is groundwater |
| This act provided insurance against the mostly costly natural disaster. | The national flood insurance act of 1968 |
| This act regulates transportation, treatment, storage and disposal of solid and toxic wastes. | The resource conservation and recovery act of 1976 |
| CERCLA means... | The Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act of 1980 |
| What year was the start of the Clean Water Act? | 1963 |
| What years was the Clean Air act amended? | 1970, 1977 and 1990. |
| This act require the US EPA to establish air quality and set ambient standards in the US. | The Clean Air Act |
| What government enforces enforces NAAQS? | State |
| This law was reenacted and amended in both 1977 and 1987. In 1977, it's name was changed to the Clean Water Act? | The Federal Water Pollution Control Act of 1972. |
| The 1972 Federal Water Pollution Control Act established ______________? | National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES). |
| This system system requires all point source discarges to acquire and maintain a permit? | NPDES |
| These permits are issued by the EPA and states with EPA approved programs. | NPDES |
| The _____ permit are used to enforce both ambient and effluent water quality standards set by the EPA. | NPDES |
| This law established a voluntary program for coastal states. IN order to be elgible for financial, each state had to develop a coastal zone plan. | The National Coastal Zone Management Act of 1972 |
| This concept involves social equity, economic prosperity, and environmental integrity. It alos favors the minimization of resources use over the maximization of consumption. | Sustainability concept |
| Water in this area flows directly into the wells aquifer. | Primary Recharge Area |
| Water in this area flows directly into the wells primary recharged area. | Secondary Recharge Area |
| Water in this area flows into the wells primary recharge area over a longer period of time. | Tertiary Recharge Area |
| What type of standards are for air and water quality relating to the discharges into the environment from specific industrial, municipal, and other sources of pollution? | Affluent |
| One of the key products of the Environmental Indicators Initiative will be developing and publishing a “_______________,” | State of the Environment Report |
| What act created the Council on Environment Quality? | NEPA |
| What act help assist waterfront planning? | Clean Water Act of 1990 |
| Storm sewers are typically designed to handle up to a _____ year flood. | 25 years |
| _______ would not be the most effective methodology for conducting an environmental impact assessment. | Scoping |
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