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Topic 3; lesson 4
Transportation
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is a Trip Distribution? | examines where people are going. A region or area is often divided into traffic zones. Trip distribution information generally provides information on how many trips are made between each zone and every other zone |
| WHat is Cross tabulation models? | They allow for estimates of trip generation rates based on land use type, purpose, or socioeconomic characteristics. |
| What are Modal Split? | deals how ppl get to where they want to go and the form of transportation that they use. This information on the number of people using their cars various forms of mass transit. |
| WHat is AADT? | (Average Annual Daily Traffic) is the amount of traffic on a roadway in a 24 hour period, averaged over a year; |
| what is Peak HourW Volume? | equals the hourly traffic during the peak period; |
| What is Seasonal Hour Volume? | is the peak hour volumes during different seasons; |
| What is Design Hour Volume (DHV? | is the capacity of the roadway to handle traffic. |
| What is Traffic assignment? | allows us to use network models to predict the distribution of traffic for each roadway by the hour. |
| WHat is Levels of Service (LOS)? | range from A to F. A LOS of A means there is free flowing traffic and F means heavy traffic congestion with severely reduced traffic speeds. |
| What did Roosevelt proposed in 1944? | He designated a 65,000-km national system of interstate highways, was passed. These highways were to be selected by the state highway departments. While this act authorized the highway system, it did not provide any funding. |
| What is the Public Roads Administration (PRA? | was responsible for implementing the highway system |
| When did the Federal Highway act receive funding? | In 1952, it authorized $25 million for the construction of interstate highways and another $175 million two years later. |
| What did the Federal-Aid Highway Act of 1962 do? | The Act required that transportation projects in urbanized areas with population of 50,000 or more be based on an urban transportation planning process. |
| What did the The Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act of 1991 do? | providing funding for not just highways but also transit, pedestrian, and bicycle facilities. |
| Why are Metropolitan Planning Organizations created? | created to meet federal requirements for urban transportation planning. |
| What are the Transportation Demand Management strategies. | •Car Sharing •Flextime •Guaranteed Ride Home •Public Transit •Transit Oriented Development •Park-and-Ride •HOV Lanes •Telecommuting •Commute Trip Reduction |
| What did the Federal Aid Highway act of 1956 do? | authorized $25 billion between 1957 and 1969. |
| What is service level F? | Flow is forced; every vehicle moves in lockstep with the vehicle in front of it, with frequent slowing required. |
| What is a service level of E? | describes operations at capacity. Flow becomes irregular and speed varies rapidly because there are virtually no usable gaps to maneuver in the traffic stream and speeds rarely reach the posted limit. |
| What is a service level of D? | describes decreasing free-flow levels. Speeds slightly decrease as the traffic volume slightly increase. Freedom to maneuver within the traffic stream is much more limited and driver comfort levels decrease. |
| The Federal Highway Act of 1962 required the fostering of the 3 c's? | Comprehensive, Coordinated and continuing. |
| When was ISTEA estabished? | 1991 |
| What does ISTEA stand for? | Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act |
| What is TEA-21? | Transporation Equity Act |
| when was the first subway built and when? | Boston 1897 |
| What is the trip generation rate for single family home? | 9.1-10.2 trips |
| What is the trip generation for a manufactured housing unit? | 5.5 trips per day |
| Rough parking requirments for a office is? | 0.5-3 spaces per 1000 SF |
| What is the rough parking requirements for a shopping center? | 1-5 spaces per 1000 SF |
| According to the Highway Capacity Manual (1994), there are different roadway levels of service, which service level can be described as "stable flow, short delays and speed somewhat restricted | Level Service B |
| what is the daily trip generation for each 1,000 SF of general office? | 11 trips per 1,000 SF |
| What is the daily trip ends for a single family dwelling unit? | 9.6 |
| What is the daily trip ends for an apartment? | 6.3 |
| What is the daily trips ends for a shopping center? | 43 daily trip ends per 1,000 square feet |
| What is the daily trip ends for an industrial development? | 7 daily trip ends per 1,000 square feet |
| What is a gravity model? | It provides trip estimates based directly on the proportional attractiveness of the zone and inversely proportional to the trip length. |
| What are local streets? | designed to serve only local land uses |
| What are collectors? | designed to serve some land uses directly while collecting traffic from local streets and funneling it to major roads and arterials |
| What is the main purpose of arterial? | to further move traffic and allow access to freeways or other streets |
| what is a freeway? | which have limited access, are responsible for moving the largest volume of traffic at the fastest speed. |
| What act gave 25 million and two years later 175 million later. | Federal Aid Highway act, 1944 gave initial funding in 1952. |
| What years was 25 billion given out to buil the highways? | 1957-1969 |
| WHen a community or region has a population of 200,000? | Transportation Improvement Program (TIP) |
| THis is a technique to hanges in street alignment, installation of barriers, and other physical measures to reduce traffic speeds and/or cut-through volumes, in the interest of street safety, livability, and other public purposes.” | Traffic Calming |
| series of staggered curb extensions on alternating sides of the roadway. Motorists reduce their speed by having to maneuver along the roadway. | Chicane |
| Represents a free flow, vehicles are completey unimpended, in their ability to manuver within the traffic stream. | Level Service A |
| Represents a free flow, in their ability to manuver within the traffic is slightly restricted. | Level Service B |
| describes at or near free-flow operations. Ability to maneuver through lanes is noticeably restricted and lane changes require more driver awareness | Level Service C |
| describes decreasing free-flow levels. Speeds slightly decrease as the traffic volume slightly increase. Freedom to maneuver within the traffic stream is much more limited and driver comfort levels decrease. | Level Service D |
| describes operations at capacity. Flow becomes irregular and speed varies rapidly because there are virtually no usable gaps to maneuver in the traffic stream and speeds rarely reach the posted limit. | Level Service E |
| describes a breakdown in vehicular flow. Flow is forced; every vehicle moves in lockstep with the vehicle in front of it, with frequent slowing required. | LEvel Service F |
| Forced or breakdown | Level Service F |
| Unstable Flow | Level Service E |
| Approaching unstable flow | Level service D |
| Stable flow | Level Service C |
| Reasonably free flow | Level Service B |
| Free Flow | Level Service A |
| 15- to 25-second delays generally define | Level Service C |
| Minimum vehicle spacing is about 220 ft(67m) or 11 car lengths | Level service C |
| ehicles are spaced about 160 ft(50m) or 8 car lengths | Level Service D |
| Vehicle spacing is about 6 car lengths | Level Service E |
| he average spacing between vehicles is about 550 ft(167m) or 27 car lengths | LEvel service A |
| he lowest average vehicle spacing is about 330 ft(100m) or 16 car lengths | LEvel Service B |
| What is the daly trip ends for a mobile home? | 5 trips a unit |
| What is the trip ends for low rise departments? | 6.6 trips per unit |
| What is the trip ends for high rise apartments? | 4.2 trips units |
| What is the trip end for a drive in restaurant? | 550 trips |
| What is the trip end for light industrial? | 6 trips per 1000 SF |
| What is the trip end for general office building? | 12 trips per 1000 sf |
| is an approach to congestion mitigation that seeks to identify improvements in order to enhance the capacity of existing system through operational means. Elements might include metering on ramps, one way streets, signalization optimization, turn lane st | Transportation Systems Management (TSM) |
| A. Provision of funding for projects that will transport welfare recipients to and from jobs | TEA-21 |
| What does ITS stand for and what is it? | 5 year plan to connect to drivers via mobile devised on onboard. Intelligent Transportation Systems. |
| at an intersection, traffic level of 15-25 second delay? | LOS C |
| at an intersection, traffic level of 5-15 seconds? | LOS B |
| at an intersection, traffic level of 25-40 seconds? | LOS D |
| at an intersection, traffic level of 40-60 seconds? | LOS E |
| at an intersection, traffic level of greater than 60 seconds? | LOS F |
| at an intersection, traffic level of less than 5 seconds? | LOS A |
| TEA 21 includes two new finance mechanisms for project funding. these are? | GARVEE bonds and Transportation Infrastrucutre Finance and Innovation Provisions |
| The functional classification system for highways was adopted by states in the 1930s. | I. Primary II. Secondary III. Local |
| What does SAFETEA-LU stand for? | Safe, Accountable, Flexible, Efficient Transportation Equity Act - A Legacy for Users |
| This type of road provides direct access to the adjacent land and access to the higher classified roads | Local streets |
| According to the ITE's "Parking Generation", based on the ranges of generation factors, industrial has a peak space factor of..... | 0.67 - 3.5 spaces per 1,000 sq. ft. of GLA |
| A medical center has a peak parking space factor of _________ parking spaces per employee | 0.10 - 0.75 parking spaces per employee |
| What is a polycentric? | In 1981, the U.S. Department of Transportation recommended that metropolitan regions be developed into a series of centers to provide focal points for regional and subregional transit service. |
| Trip generation rates can be defined and determined in a number of ways. A special type of survey, known as an _______? | Origin-Destination Survey |
| This type of road can be described as providing both traffic circulation and land access with all land uses by collecting and distributing traffic to these geographic areas. | Urban Collector |
| stable flow, short delays and speed somewhat restricted | Level B service |
| What type of roadway can be defined as serving longer trips, carrying the highest traffic volumes, and a large percentage of the VMT on a minimum amount of mileage while providing minimal land access? | Principal Arterial |
| What type of use will most likely to generate the greatest number of average weekday trips? | Medical Office Building |
| Cul de sacs has ADT of | 250-500 trips |
| Which type of roadway can be described as interconnecting the principal arterials while providing less mobility and a moderate amount of land access, distributing travel to smaller areas? | Minor Arterials can be described as interconnecting the principal arterials while providing less mobility and a moderate amount of land access, distributing travel to smaller areas, while interconnecting the Principal arterials. |
| Which type of roadway can be described providing both traffic circulation and land access with all land uses by collecting and distributing traffic to these geographic areas? | Urban Collectors can be described providing both traffic circulation and land access with all land uses by collecting and distributing traffic to these geographic areas. |
| What are strategies to reduce vehicle trips, vehicle miles traveled, vehicle idling, or traffic congestion. | Transportation Control Measures |
| Urban and Rural Considerations are what? | Hybrid options used by todays Transportation Planners. |
| Council of Governments came into being in part due to which of the following? | A-95 Clearinghouse Review |
| An LOS of A would have a v/c ratio of? | .60 |
| What traffic model is not used in traffic analysis? | Traffic Analysis zones (TAZ) |
| A v/c ratio of 1.0 and greater is what lever or service? | LOS F |
| Intiated in 1969 the A-95 clearance house review process was responsible for? | the creation of regional planning agencies. |
| stable flow, short delays and speed somewhat restricted | LOS B |
| A volume to capacity ratio of 1 indicates which of the following? | congested traffic flow. |
| measures is the most commonly used for traffic volume? | ADT |
| Liquor Store, Restaurant, Grocery Store, Medical Center have what in common? | peak PM trip generation rate of greater than 5.0 per 1,000 square feet |
| What road types has a design speed of 25-35 miles per hour? | Collector |
| What type of road connects principal arterials while providing less mobility and a moderate amount of land access? | Minor Arterial |
| According to the ITE's "Parking Generation", what use has a peak parking space factor of 0.67 - 3.5 parking spaces per 1,000 sq. ft. of GLA? | n industrial building has a peak parking space factor of 0.67 - 3.5 parking spaces per 1,000 sq. ft. of GLA. |
| The _______________ funded the long-recognized need for a national highway system and contributed to the development and increased efficiency of the national economy. | 1956 Federal Highway Act |
| a staged, three to five year prioritized program of transportation projects that cover a metropolitan planning area which is consistent with the metropolitan transportation plan | Transportation Improvement Program (TIP) |
| TDM means...? | Transportation Demand Management |
| This term is any strategy to reduce vehicle trips, vehilce | |
| Which measures is the most commonly used for traffic volume? | Average daily traffic volume is the number of vehicles that travel on a road in a typical day. |
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